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MUSCULAR SYSTEM (Body Movement terminology (Extension: Movement that…
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Major functions of the Muscular system
Mobility
Stability
Posture
Circulation
Respiration
Digestion
Urination
Names of Muscles
FRONT
Shoulder
Trapezious
Deltoid
Neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Platysma
Arm
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Forearm
Flexor capri radialis
Thorax
Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior
Abdomen
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
BACK
Forearm
Brachioradialis
Extensor capri radialis longus
Flexor capri ulnaris
Extensor digitorum
Shoulder
infraspinatus
Tres major
latissimus dorsi
Hip
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Physiology of muscle contraction
Muscle Contraction
2.
Ach diffuses across synaptic cleft, and binds with receptors on motor end plate
3.
This causes receptor to change shape, and opens Na+ channels in sarcolemma
4.
Electrical current is generated and is carried along sarcolemma, causes action potential
1.
Nerve impulse reaches synaptic end bulbs and causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with presynaptic membrane and release
Sliding Filament theory
3.
Myosin head attaches to actin, forming act/myosin binding site
2.
Ca++ binds to actin myofilament, exposing the myosin binding site
1.
Nerve impulse or action potential travels down sarcolemma and into T-tubes, causing sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca++ into sacroplasm
4.
Myosin head moves toward M line of sacromere, pulling actin filaments past myosin
5.
This action is repeated many times powered by ATP
6.
Z lines get closer together as actin and myosin filaments slide past each other, and sacromeres shorten, shortening the entire myofibril
3 Types of Muscle tissues and major functions
Skeletal Muscle
: Long, cylindrical, parallel, and multinucleated cells that attached by tendons to bones. They make up 40-50% of the body weight, and are striated.
Smooth Muscle
: Cells that are mainly found inside the hollow walls of organs. They are spindle shaped with a single nucleus. These tissues control the movement inside your organs
Cardiac Muscle
: Cells that make up the heart. They are long cylindrical shaped cells with only one central nucleus. They have visible banding and don't consciously control themselves. they help the heart circulate blood throughout the body
Body Movement terminology
Extension
: Movement that increases angle of joint
Rotation
: Movement of bone around a longitudinal axis
Abduction
: Movement of limb away from mid-line
Adduction
: Movement of limb toward the mid-line
Flexion
: Movement that decreases angle of joint
Circumduction
: Proximal end of a limb is stationary and the distal end moves in circle
Inversion
: Turn sole of foot medially
Plantar flexion
: Pointing toe
Dorsiflexion
: Lifting the superior surface of foot towards shin
Supination
: Forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly
Opposition
: movement of thumb to touch tips of other fingers
Eversion
: Turn sole of foot laterally
Pronation
: Forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly
Structure and organization levels of the skeletal muscle
Connective tissue coverings
Perimysium
: surrounds bundles of fascicles
Endomysium
: separates muscle fibers from each other
Epimysium
: Outermost layer of connective tissue in the muscle
Skeletal muscle fibers
Sarcoplasm
: Cytoplasm of muscle cell
Myoglobulin
: used for oxygen storage
Glycogen
: used for energy
Myofibrils
: made up of myofilaments
Sarcolemma
: Cell membrane of muscle cell
Thick filaments
: made up of the protein myosin
Thin filament
: made up of protein actin along side troponin and tropomyosin
Sacromeres
: Make up myofibrils and extends from Z line to Z line
H zone
: lighter central area of A band
A band
: Dark band (thick and thin filaments)
I band
: light band (only thin filament)
Z line
: dark midline of I band
M line
: Central line of H zone