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23 year old male gets a tattoo with a dirty needle infecting him with…
23 year old male gets a tattoo with a dirty needle infecting him with clostridium tetani. He can hardly speak and is having spasms.
Background
Exocytosis
- Vesicles containing molecules are transported from within the cell to the cell membrane
- The vesicle membrane attaches to the cell membrane
- Fusion of the vesicle membrane with the cell membrane releases the vesicle contents outside the cell
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Tethering: Upon reaching the cell membrane, the vesicle becomes linked to and pulled into contact with the cell membrane
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Fusion: Fully fuses with the cell membrane (complete). the vesicle temporarily fuses with the cell membrane long enough to create a fusion pore and releases its contents to the exterior of the cell.
Differences
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Summation
effects of impulses received at different places on the neuron add up so that the neuron may fire when such impulses are received simultaneously.
Tetany
Consisting of the involuntary contraction of muscles, which may be caused by disorders
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Clostridium Tetani
Toxin
Tetanolysin
can affect a variety of cells including erythrocytes, neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and platelets
Tetanospasmin
produces by the vegetative cell of clostridium tetani in anaerobic conditions, causing tetanus.
Tetanus
binds to the presynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction, is internalized and transported retroaxonally to the spinal cord.
Neuromuscular Junction
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Spasms often are protected and can cause death by means of severe resistant laryngospaspm and respiratory muscle failure.
The ability to inhibit lower motor neurons is disrupted, which can result in muscle rigidity and spasm
Chain of Events
- A nerve signal arrives at synaptic knob and stimulates voltage-gated calcium channels to open.
- Calcium stimulates exocytosis of the synaptic vesicles, which release ACh into the synaptic cleft.
- ACh diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptor proteins on the sarcolemma.
- Ligand-gates ion channels are opened and Na+ diffuses quickly into cell
- Areas of sarcolemma next to the motor end plates have voltage-gated ion channels that open in response to EPP.
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- Action potentials open voltage-gated ion channels in the T tubules.
- Calcium binds to the troponin of the thin filaments
- The troponin-tropomyosin complex changes shape and sinks deeper into the groove of the thin filaments
- myosin head must have an ATP molecule bound to it to initiate the contraction base
- The cocked myosin binds to an exposed active site of the thin filament
- myosin releases ADP and phosphate and flexes into a bent
- Binding of ATP to myosin destabilizes the myosin-actin bond
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Effects
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interferes with the signals traveling from the brain to the nerves in the spinal cord, then onto muscles
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severe muscle spasms can result in destruction of skeletal muscle which can cause protein to leak into the urine
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