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Brain (Regions of Cerebral Cortex (Temporal Lobe (Associated with:…

- - - - Reasoning
      - Planning
      - Parts of Speech
      - Movement
      - Emotions
      - Problem Solving
      - Decision Making
  - - - Movement
      - Orientation
      - Recognition
      - Perception of Stimuli
      - Somatosensory Cortex
        
        Essential for processing touch sensation
  - - - Visual Processing
  - - - Perception of auditory stimuli
      - Recognition of auditory stimuli
      - Memory
      - Speech
      - Stuctures of Limbic System located here
        
        Olfactory Cortex
        
        Amygdala
        
        Hippocampus
    - - Thalamus
        
        Acts as relay station for almost all sensory information
        
        Assists in:
        
        Sensory Perception
        
        Motor Function Regulation
        
        Sleep Cycle Control
        
        Consciousness
        
        Before sensory information reaches the brain, it stops here
        
        Processes information and passes it along
      - Hypothalamus
        
        Acts as control center for many autonomic functions through release of hormones
        
        Responsible for maintaining homeostasis
        
        Assists in:
        
        RELEASING HORMONES
        
        Regulating Body Temperature
        
        Controlling Appetite
        
        Managing of Sexual Behavior
        
        Regulating Emotional Responses
      - Epithalamus
        
        Located in bottom of Diencephalon
        
        Assists in:
        
        Sense of Smell
        
        Helps Regulate Sleep and Wake Cycles
        
        Pineal Gland found here
        
        Endocrine Gland that secretes Melatonin
        
        Melatonin
        
        Plays important role in CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS responsible for sleep and wake cycles
      - Subthalamus
        
        LARGELY RESPONSIBLE FOR MOVEMENT
        
        Portion is made of tissues from midbrain which are connected to basal ganglia
        
        Basal Ganglia assist in MOTOR CONTROL
        
        Assists in: Somatic Motor Function
        
        The Ventricle System
        
        Lateral Ventricles
        
        Located in the cerebral hemispheres
        
        Each lateral ventricle consists of a triangular central body and four horns
        
        Function
        
        Communicate with the third ventricle through the interventricular foramen
        
        2 of them
        
        Third Ventricle
        
        Situated between the right and left thalamus
        
        Anterior surface contains 2 protrusions
        
        Supra-optic recess
        
        located above the optic chiasm
        
        Infundibular recess
        
        located above the optic stalk
        
        Fourth Ventricle
        
        Lies between the pons and medulla oblongata
        
        Receives cerebrospinal fluid from the third ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct
- - - - One who is active in their everyday life may not experience a stroke as severe as one who is not active
      - If one smokes, they are more likely to have a more severe stroke
      - If one is an alcoholic, this leads to lower blood pressure, leading to a more severe stroke
      - If one is not at a healthy weight, (ex; obese), they are prone to a severe stroke
- - - - NO DRINKING
      - Physical exercise
      - Physical therapy
      - Positive attitude
      - Increase water intake
- - - - Located on surface (outer cortex)
    - - Located in the core
  - - - Located in the inner layer of brains cortex
    - - Wrapped around outside
      - Insulates spinal cord
    - - Grey
        
        Processing of information in brain
        
        Structures located within grey matter process signals generated in the sensory organs
        
        This tissue directs sensory (motor) neurons stimuli to nerve cells in the CNS
        
        These signals reach grey matter through myelinated axons (located in white matter)
        
        Glial cells
        
        Astroglia
        
        Oligodendrocytes
        
        Transport nutrients and energy to neurons
        
        UNMYELINATED AXONS
      - White
        
        Tissue in which messages or nervous signals pass between different areas of grey matter
        
        MYELINATED AXONS
        
        Modulates the distribution of action potentials
        
        Acts as relay and coordinating communication between different areas of brain
        
        TRANSMIT SIGNALS TO GREY MATTER
        
        Regions of Brainstem
        
        Pons
        
        Contains nuclei that relay signals from forebrain to the cerebellum
        
        Assists in:
        
        Sleep
        
        Respiration
        
        Swallowing
        
        Bladder Control
        
        Hearing
        
        Equilibrium
        
        Taste
        
        Eye Movement
        
        Facial Expression
        
        Facial Sensation
        
        Posture
        
        BREATHING
        
        Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
        
        Optic and auditory reflexes
        
        Front (rostral) part of brain
        
        Structures in Midbrain
        
        Tectum
        
        Dorsal part of midbrain
        
        Divided into 2 structures
        
        2 more items...
        
        RESPONSIBLE FOR AUDITORY & VISUAL REFLEXES
        
        Tegmentum
        
        Ventral part of midbrain
        
        Involved in subconscious homeostatic and reflexive pathways
        
        Relays inhibitory signals to the thalamus, preventing unwanted body movement
        
        Structures included
        
        6 more items...
        
        Cerebral Aqueduct
        
        Connects 3rd & 4th ventricles
        
        Allows cerebrospinal fluid to pass between both ventricles
        
        Cerebral Peduncle
        
        Nerve tract which permits communication between the cerebellum and other parts of the CNS
        
        3 pairs
        
        3 more items...
        
        Medulla Oblongata
        
        Located below pons and above spinal cord
        
        Major relay point for information going to and from spinal cord and brain
        
        Function
        
        Directly control AUTONOMIC nervous system
        
        Heart rate
        
        Respiration
        
        Vasomotor activities
        
        Dilation of pupils
        
        Blood vessel dilation
        
        Turn off/on digestion in "fight or flight" mode
        
        Sneezing/Coughing
        
        Vomiting/Swallowing to rid bacteria/poisons from body
- - - - Caused by a break in the wall of a blood vessel in the brain
      - Drinking alcohol causes high blood pressure
      - High blood pressure can affect the bloods ability to clot, which could lead to this type of stroke
    - - Unable to speak
      - Unable to use his right hand/arm
      - Cannot walk without assistance
    - - Unable to speak = cognitive disability from stroke
      - Unable to move hand/arm and cannot walk = motor disability from stroke