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Lecture 5 (Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Syncytium (a giant multinucleated…
Lecture 5
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
common in newborns and young children
S/S: fever, runny nose, coughing, cyanosis, wheezing, mucus plugs, dead cells make it hard to breath
cold like symptoms
RVS is unstable outside of the body
soap and water deactivate RVS
viruses causes syncytia to form lungs
Syncytium
a giant multinucleated cell formed from the fusion of virally infection cells to neighbor cells
immune response to RSV further damages lungs
spread by kissing, touching, and shaking hands, or coming into contact with fomites
treat with administering O2, IV fluids and meds to reduce the fever and AB to reduce secondary bacterial infection
control of RSV is limited to attempts to delay infection
preventive way is handwashing
Influenza
S/S: sudden fever, pharyngitis, congestion, cough, myalgia
Causes are influenza type A and B
enters body by respiratory route and attaches to epithelial cells and replicates.
once inside the cell it releases viral genome into cytoplasm
occurs via antigenic drift and shift
virus causes damage to lung epithelium
flu patients are susceptible to secondary bacterial infection
use lab tests such as ELISA and rapid antigen testing
treat with supportive care to relive symptoms
Oseltamivir and zanamivir can be used within 48 hours of being infected
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
S/S: fever, fatigue, muscle aches, progress to cough, shock, and labored breathing
caused by hantavirues
transmitted from mice by inhalation of mouse urine, feces, or saliva
virus travels throughout the body by blood
infection causes widespread inflammation leading to shock
person to person contact does not occur
DX based on characteristic symptoms of a low platelet count, sudden onset fever, muscle aches in major larger muscles
treat by vent, antipyretics, and pain meds
prevention requires control of rodents
Inhalation Anthrax
3 forms: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalational
S/S: resembles a cold and flu, sore throat, mild fever, myalgia, mild cough, malaise, can progress to severe cough, lethargy, shock, confusion, fainting, and death
cause agent is Bacillus anthracis
anthrax not spread from person to person
acquired by contact or with inhalation of endospores
dx based on identification of bacteria in sputum
PCN is the preferred drug to treat disease
vaccine is available
Coronavirus respiratory syndrome
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
S/S: fever, SOB, difficult breathing, malaise, and body aches, some develop dry cough and pneumonia
cause coronavirus and usually mild
spread via respiratory droplets and adhere to lung cells
virus destroys cells and triggers the respiratory symptoms
Dx based on s/s
confirm by isolating virus or antibodies against the virus
treat with supportive care