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Language (acquisition (lateralization (left side. fMRI/PET determined),…

- - - - verbal dyspraxia: inability of word production
        cause: mutation of FOXP2 gene
        
        language evolution
        
        transcription factor: regulate expression, in CNS, synaptic plasticity
        
        FOXP2: development of motor cortex, cerebellum, striatum
    - - dyslexia: reading problem
      - aphasia (dysphasia): loss of language ability
        
        anomia: inability to find correct words
        
        alexia: inability to see/read word
        
        Broca's aphasia
        
        damage in motor cortex of frontal lobe
        
        speech nonfluent, agrammatical
        
        Wernicke's aphasia
        
        damage in temporal lobe
        
        fluent speech, poor comprehension
        
        can read, no understanding
        
        conduction aphasia
        
        lesion of arcuate fasciculus and parietal cortex
        
        disconnection
        
        good comprehension, speech fluent
        
        deficit: difficult to repeat words
        
        in bilinguals
        
        depending on order/fluency/use of language
        
        in deaf
        
        sign language: similar to speech