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CHAPTER 4 (Syllables (Onset (initial part of the segment) + Rhyme (the…
CHAPTER 4
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Phones and Allophones
Phones
Different versions of a sound type that is regularly produced in actual speech (basically sebutan berbeza)
Allophones
A set of phones, all of which are different versions of one phoneme
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Minimal Pairs and Sets
Minimal pairs are two words that are identical in form except for a contrast in one phoneme occurring in the same position
Minimal sets are a group of words that can be differentiated with one another by changing one phoneme
Phonemes
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Natural classes
If sounds share 2 or more features (the stuff in Chapter 3), then they belong in the same natural class of phonemes
e.g if all the other letters in the word are similar except for one phoneme, then the different will be totally different
Coarticulation Effects
Nasalization
That thing that happens when you sound nasal like Selena Gomez when you try to say a sentence like "I can go" and it sounds like "aɪkəŋgoʊ"
Elision
This is where you deliberately don't pronounce a sound segment in a sentence that by itself, would usually be pronounced (basically how you make your speech sound smooth and not robotic and kaku like ais batu)
Assimilation
The assimilation/ combination/ gabungan or whatever of two sound segments that occur in sequence with each other where some aspect of one of the segments is copied by the other (basically always happens when you talk fast)