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A 23 year old male patient demonstrating severe face and arm muscle spasms…
A 23 year old male patient demonstrating severe face and arm muscle spasms was brought to the emergency department by his brother. The brother tells you that the patient just got that tattoo yesterday, and that the tattoo parlor was “sketchy.” You order blood tests, and when you get the results, it confirms your suspicion: this patient is infected with Clostridium tetani, a common bacterium found in soil that can be transmitted by using dirty needles. The patient was never vaccinated against this bacterium
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The Neuron
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Dendrites: region of the neuron that receives incoming signals and conveys them towards the cell body
Excitation-contraction coupling: The sequence of events that converts action potential in a muscle fiber to a contraction
Summation
Temporal summation: summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at the same location in the membrane but at different times.
Spacial summation: summation of postsynaptic potentials in response to stimuli that occur at occur at different places in the membrane at the same time
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Acute renal failure: muscle spasms can hurt the skeletal muscles, which can cause a muscle protein to leak into the urine
In severe cases, muscle spasms can lead to bone fractures
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