Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
23 year old with sever face and arm muscle spasms (Background…
23 year old with sever face and arm muscle spasms
Background
systems involved
circulatory sytem
transport blood, which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste
affected by clotridium tetani
bacterium is carried by the bloodstream then enters a neuron
nervous systerm
control system of the body, activates muscles and glands
affected by clotridium tetani
inhibitory interneuron can no longer control motor neuron
muscular system
allows manipulation of environment, locomotion, expression
affected by clotridium tetani
inhibitory neurotransmitters are not released
muscles continues to contract
integumentary system
external covering of the body, protects deeper tissues from injury
afftected by clotridium tetani
clotridium tetani goes in body through an open wound
Neuromuscular junction
nerve impulse reaches the axon terminal
voltage-gated calcium channels open
Ca cause synaptic vesicles to release ACH via exocytosis
ACH bind to ACH receptors
Chemical gated channels open
sodium enters muscle fiber and potassium exits
Causes an action potential
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
funtional classes
excitatory or inhibitory
direct and indirect
secretion sites
CNS
cerebral cortex
hippocampus
brain stem
PNS
neuromuscular junctions
some autonomic motor endings
nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
Norepinephrine
fuctional classes
excitatory or inhibitory
indirect action via second messengers
secretion sites
CNS
brain stem
midbrain
locus coeruleus
limbic system
cerebral cortex
PNS
postganlionic neurons
feel good neurotrasmitter
Dopamine
functional classes
excitatory or inhibitory
indirect action via second messenger
secretion sites
CNS
midbrain
substantia nigra
hypothalamus
indirect motor pathway
PNS
some sympathetic ganglia
feel good neurotrasmitter
serotonin
functional classes
mainly inhibitory
indirect action via second messenger
secretion sites
CNS
brain stem
midbrain
hypothalamus
limbic system
cerebellum
pineal glands
spinal cord
roles
sleep
appetite
nausea
migraine
regulates mood
histamine
functional classes
excitatory or inhibitory
indirect action via second messenger
secretion sites
CNS
hypothalamus
roles
wakefulness
appetite control
learning
memory
GABA
functional classes
inhibitory
direct and indirect actions via second messenger
secretion sites
CNS
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
purkinje cells
spinal cord
olfactory bulb
retina
exocytosis
transporting vesicles transport neurotransmitters within cell
vesicle attaches to the cell membrane
cell membrane releases the vesicle contents outside the cell
movement of proteins from ER to be secreted out of the cell
muscle contractions
twitching
a single contraction in response to a brief threshold stimulation
individual twiches
second stimulus delivered after relaxation is complete
summation
temporal summation
additional stimuli delivered before relaxation
tetany
unfused tetanus
higher frequency
results in unfused tetanus
fused tetanus
higher stimulus frequencies
no relaxation between stimuli
Clostridium tetani
causes tetanus
rigidity and convulsive spasms
skeletal muscle
symtoms
jaw cramping
sudden involuntary muscle tightening
paintful muscle stiffness
trouble swallowing
seizures
headache
fever and sweating
changes in blood preasure
found
soil
dust
animal intestines
animal feces
climate
hot
damp
rich in organic matter
transmission
contaminated wounds
prevention
vaccination
Tdap
anaerobes
oxygen is toxic to them
release spores
produce a toxin
tetanospasmin
tetanospasmin
enters bloodstream
enters neuron by terminal buds
reaches neuron body in spinal cord
release more spores
in bloodtream
interfere with of inhibitory interneuron
goes in inhibitory interneuron
prevents release of inhibitory neurotransmitters
inhibitory interneuron can no longer control motor neuron
motor neurons fire continously
muscles contract repeatedly
spasms
muscle structure
muscle
nerve fibers
blood vessels
epimysium
fascicle
bundle of muscle cells
perimysium
muscle fiber
endomysium
elongated cell
striated
myofibril
contractile unit
composed of myofilaments
myofilaments
think
myosin molecues
thin
actin
tropomyosin
troponin
Neuron structure
Cell body
consist of spherical nucleus surround by cytoplasm
receptive region
receives information
metabolic center
protein and membrane making machinery
cytoskeletal elements
neurofibirls
pigment inclusions
porcesses
dendrites
short, tapering, branching extensions
receptive, input signal
receives signals from other neurons
axon
long branching extension
carries information away from cell body
upstream
clotridium tetani infection
causes
direct
new tattoo
unprofessional tattoo shop
poor sanitation
unprofessional staff
cheap prices
poor quality
bacterial infection
Clostridium tetani
anerobic bacteria
pores
produce toxins
tetanolysin
1 more item...
tetanospasmin
1 more item...
affects
nervous system
neuromuscular junction
1 more item...
uninformed
dangerous action
posible consequences of getting a tattoo
indirect
no vaccination
Tdap
protects against tetanus
dirty needle
infection
tetanus
other muscle symptom
flaccid paralyis
muscles cannot contract
breathing problems
loose motor control
muscle atrophy
causes
infections
toxins
damage to spinal cord
damage to brain
prevents messages from brain
from reaching muscle
treatment
physical therapy
tetany
over stimulated nerves
often in hands and feet
causes
malfuction of parathyroid glands
electrolyte imbalance
low calcium levels
magnesium deficency
low potassium levels
symptoms
vomiting
convulsions
serious pain
seizures
heart dysfunction
treatment
supplements
calcium
magnesium
vitamin D
Downstream
toxin in bloodstream/ effects
Tetanic seizures
tetanus where infection has spread to the brain
Pulmonary embolism
life threatening condition
blockage in blood vessel in lungs
affect breathing and circulation
laryngospasm
voice box goes into a spasm
can last up to a minute
cause breathing difficulties
patient can suffocate
Fractures
repeated muscle spasms and convulsions
lead to fractures
in vertebrae
other bones
severe kidney failure
severe muscle spasms
destruction of skeletal muscle
cause muscle protein to leak into the urine
Aspiration pneumonia
muscle rigidity
can make caughing and swallowing difficult
cause aspiration pneumonia
results of inhaling the secretions or contents of the stomach
lead to lower respiratory tract infection
treatment
Medications
seizure medication
muscle spasms medication
antitoxins
antibiotics
pain medication
tetanus vaccine
surgery
to remove damaged tissue