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Lateralisation & Language (Atchison's 10 criteria for language…
Lateralisation & Language
Hemispherectomy
used to treat Rasmussen's syndrome
Wada test
confirms observations of lateralisation
92% right-handed (dextrals) patients were left-hemisphere dominant for speech
69% of left-handed (sinestrals) & ambidextrous patients were left-hemisphere dominant for speech
Psychological Outcomes- Split Brain Procedure
no changes in: personality, intelligence & speech
some patients experienced 'alien hand syndrome'
localisation of functions in one hemisphere
Lateralisation of Functions
sensory & motor info is lateralised
language & logical thought typically lateralised to left hemisphere
intuitive, spatial processing are lateralised to the right hemisphere
Dichotic Listening
related to hemisphere lateralisation for language
different syllable presented to both ears simultaneously, participant repeats only right-ear syllable
Atchison's 10 criteria for language
verbal auditory canal: use of vocalization to communicate
arbitrariness: no connection between symbol & what it signifies
semanticity: use of symbols to refer to objects & actions
cultural transmission: handed down from generation to generation
spontaneous usage: no training or force is necessary to make individuals communicate
turn-taking: communication follows social rules
duality: use of different sounds & orders of sounds to communicate
displacement: ability to communicate about objects & events that are distant in time and place
structure-dependence: use of grammar, or structured 'chunks'
creativity: ability to create novel utterances
Cortical Localisation of language
Broca's area
programs of articulation stored
centre for speech production
Broca's aphasia: damage should disrupt speech production without producing deficits in language comprehension
damage resulted in 3 major speech deficits
agrammatism
anomia
apraxia of speech
Wernicke's area
centre for language comprehension
Wernicke's aphasia: difficulty understanding language speech has superficial structure, rhythm & intonation of proper speech but its incomprehensible
abilities disrupted
recognition of spoken words
comprehension of the meaning of words
ability to convert thoughts into words
Dejerine
responsible for comprehending language-related visual info
damage results in alexia (inability to read) and agraphia (inability to write)
Autopagnosia
inability to name body parts or to identify body parts that another person names
can result from damage to part of the associated cortex of the left parietal lobe