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22-year-old male presents with severe muscle weakness and cramps (Direct…
22-year-old male presents with severe muscle weakness and cramps
Direct Upstream Causes: patient works out intensely for at least an hour almost every
Indirect Upstream Causes: lack of proper nutrition can lead to many complications
muscle mass will continue to atrophy
lack of electrolytes will prevent the patient from overcoming fatigue and recovering from cramps
nervous system may begin to decline
patient runs for 45 mins four days out of the week
patient is a vegan
patient only consumes fruit juice and water
patient skips out on meals in order to reduce body fat
Pros: None
Cons: improper nutrition is why his muscles are not increasing in size, he is most likely over-hydrating with water because he does not consume electrolytes, only simple sugars
Background Information
Anatomy of a skeletal muscle
epimysium
made of dense irregular connective tissue
may blend with deep or superficial fascia
perimysium
made of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding fascicles
surrounds groups of muscle fibers
endomysium
made up of loose areolar connective tissue
electrically insulates each fiber
Types of Muscles
Skeletal
striated
voluntary
found where bone is attached to skin
Cardiac
involuntary
has strations
found only in heart
Smooth
found on walls of hollow organs
not striated
involuntary
Physiology of a Muscle:
excitability
ability to respond to a stimuli
Contractibility
ability to shorten when stimulated
Extensibility
ability to be stretched
Elasticity
ability to recoil to resting length
Produce Movement
Maintain posture and body position
stabilize joints
generate heat as they contract
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
transmits AP along the sarcolemms
AP is propagated along the sarcolemma and down in T tubules
Ca+ release leads to a contraction
AP is brief and ends before a contraction is seen
Muscle Needs
Energy systems
Phosphorylation of ADP
ATP and CP reserves to power cell
Anaerobic Pathway
glycolysis and lactic acid formation
Aeronic pathway
ATP is used to break down glucose
Causes of Fatigue
lack of sleep
lack of nutrients from the four main groups
lack of vitamins and minerals
Fatigue
lack of nutrients is not fueling the body
excessive tiredness
lack of motivation
Cramps
brought on by electrolyte imbalances in the body
patient is watering down his body's sodium levels which are maintained at certain levels for optimal function
Muscle atrophy
muscle mass decreases and patients inability to perform normal daily activities may decline
weak muscles will lead to weak bones