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Brain: stroke (what to tell wife/immediate effects (even if he were to…

- - - - dorasal root
      - sensory neurons
      - unmylienated axons
      - process info in brain
  - - - motor neurons
      - transmits signals to the grey matter
      - tracts in the CNS
      - myelinated axons
      - glial cells
        
        astrocytes
        
        oligodendrocytes
        
        ventricle system
        
        3rd
        
        connected to the lateral ventricles through the foramen of Monro
        
        Supra-optic recess
        
        above optic chiasma
        
        conisyes of the thalamus
        
        Infundibular recess
        
        above optic stalk
        
        4th
        
        receives CSF from the third ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct
        
        Central spinal canal
        
        – bathes the spinal cord
        
        lies within the brainstem, between the pons and medulla
        
        Subarachnoid cisterns
        
        – bathes the brain, between arachnoid mater and pia mater. Here the CSF is reabsorbed back into the circulation.
        
        lateral (2)
        
        ‘horns’ which project into the frontal, occipital and temporal lobes.
        
        right and left
        
        cerebral aqueduct
        
        connects the 3rd and 4th venticles
        
        responsible for the transport and removal of cerebral spinal fluid
        
        communicating cavities
- - - - largest part of the brain
      - responsible for higher thought process
      - intellect, reasoning, sensory perception, thought, memory, judgement
      - left and right hemispheres
        
        control opposite sides of the body
      - cerebral cortex
        
        outer part, containing gyri and sulcus.
      - amygdala
        
        intense emotion, such as fear and anxiety
      - cerebellum
        
        cordination
        
        fine muscle control
        
        balance
      - frontal lobe
        
        decision making
        
        personality
        
        concentration
        
        verbal communication
        
        motor control of skeletal muscle
      - parietal lobe
        
        expression of emotions
        
        pain
        
        taste
        
        touch/pressure
        
        gerneral sensation
      - temporal lobe
        
        understanding speech
        
        hearing
        
        storage of sounds and smells
        
        balance
        
        interpretation
        
        memory
        
        hippocampus; new info to longterm memory
      - occipital lobe
        
        visual association
        
        vison
        
        visual interpretation
      - brain stem
        
        pons
        
        pathway for nerve fibres connecting the cerebral cortex with the cerebellum.
        
        helps regulate medulla
        
        transfer sensory information and motor impulses to and from the facial region and the brain
        
        It is also the point of origin or termination for four of the cranial nerves
        
        between midbrain and medulla
        
        help in regards to respiration
        
        hearing
        
        taste
        
        balance
        
        regulation of deep sleep
        
        medulla oblongata
        
        swallowing
        
        breathing
        
        heart beat
        
        vaso motor activity
        
        directly controls autonomic nervous system
        
        below pons
        
        vomiting
        
        sneezing
        
        responsible for many reflexes in your body
        
        things you usually do not voluntarily control
        
        coughing
        
        midbrain
        
        between the diencephalon and pons
        
        houses cerebral aqueduct that connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
        
        optic and auditory reflexes
        
        superior colliculus
        
        visual reflex center
        
        coordinate head and eye movement
        
        in tectum
        
        inferior colliculus
        
        part of the auditory relay from the hearing receptors of the ear to the sensory cortex
        
        act in reflexive responses to sound
        
        startel relex
        
        in tectum
        
        tegmentum
        
        substantia nigra
        
        houses neurons that release dopamine
        
        red nucleus
        
        rich blood supply
        
        relay nuclei
        
        descending motor pathways that cause limb flexion
        
        embedded in reticular formation
        
        involved in arousal and alertness
        
        crus cerebri connects the cerebral hemispheres to the cerebellum
        
        regions of diencephalon
        
        hypothalamus
        
        important in homeostasis
        
        connected to the pituitary gland
        
        making up the floor of the third cerebral ventricle.
        
        controls autonomic nervous system
        
        regulates hormones excretion
        
        controls endocrine system
        
        body heat
        
        weight reulation
        
        regulates fluid intake/ thirst
        
        determines wakefulness and sleep
        
        epithalaumus
        
        participates in regulation of the body’s circadian (24-hour) rhythms.
        
        stria medullaris connects fibers from the habenular nuclei with the limbic system
        
        synthesizes melatonin and enzymes sensitive to daylight
        
        houses the pineal gland
        
        Thalamus
        
        transmits neural impulses to the cerebral cortex
        
        sensory relay
        
        inside 3rd ventricle
        
        vision
        
        somatosensory
        
        auditory
        
        gustatory systems
        
        memory
        
        arousal
        
        sensorimotor association functions.
        
        emotion
        
        all senses but smell initially pass through here
        
        subthalamus
        
        Zona incerta
        
        integration of the motor and limbic system (visceral pain)
        
        links the midbrain to the diencephalon.
        
        Subthalamic nucleus
        
        Regulation of motor function in communication with the basal ganglia
    - - a blocked artery (ischemic stroke)
      - leaking or bursting of a blood vessel (hemorrhagic stroke)
      - brain cells beign to die in minutes
      - temporary disruption of blood flow to the brain, known as a transient ischemic attack (TIA)
        
        doesn't cause lasting symptoms
      - a stroke occurs due to a blockage which restricts blood flow to the brain
      - outcome are different in each patient due to the fact that you are dealing with the brain.
        
        outcomes/causes are effected by many things
        
        race
        
        what kind of stroke
        
        age
        
        over weight/diabetic
        
        drinking/drugs/ciggarets
        
        sex
        
        hormones
        
        high BP
        
        physical inacttivity
        
        family history
        
        how long you were having the stroke before you received medical help
        
        effects of alcohol on the brain
        
        blurred vison
        
        difficulty walikng
        
        blackouts/memory loss
        
        slurred speech
        
        impaired judgement
        
        slowed reaction times
        
        the region most frequently damaged in association with chronic alcohol consumption.
        
        The cerebellum, an area of the brain responsible for coordinating movement and perhaps even some forms of learning, appears to be particularly sensitive to the effects of thiamine deficiency.
        
        Deficiency in B vitamin Thiamine aka; Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrom
        
        Blocks chemical signals between brain cells
        
        erodes grey matter in the brain
        
        the symptoms are usually more similar
        
        trouble speaking
        
        trouble walking or standing
        
        face drooping
        
        paralysis