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skinny male trying to gain weight but is loosing it instead (indirect…
skinny male trying to gain weight but is loosing it instead
vegan diet with no tofu or soy
low protein intake
muscle growth is difficult
skips meals
not enough calories
weight loss
low glucose
brain drain
intense workout everyday
no muscle recovery
no muscle growth
drinking only water and no sports drinks
dehydration
muscle fatigue
muscle cramps
Downstream effects
Direct upstream causes
weight loss
muscle cramps
no muscle growth
indirect upstream causes
eat all meals
drink sport drinks
rest days
include more protein into diet
Background
Anatomy
Three types of muscle tissue
skeletal muscle
striated
voluntary
smooth muscle
non- striated
involuntary
visceral
cardiac muscle
involuntary
striated
connective tissue sheaths
epimysium
surrounds entire muscle
perimysium
surrounds fascicles
endomysium
insulates each muscle fiber
deep fascia
seperates individual muscles
Atattchements
insertion
attached to movable joint
origin
attachment to immovable bone
Direct
Epimysium fused to periosteum/ perichondrium
Indirect
tendon
aponeurosis
skeletal muscle
muscle
fascicle
muscle fiber
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
myoglobin
myofibrils
sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tubules
motor neurons
axons
neuromuscular junction
synaptic clef
synaptic vesicles
acetylcholine
axon terminal
motor end plate
Physiology
Characteristics of muscle tissue
Excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity
Muscle functions
generate heat as they contract
stabilize joints
posture, body position
produce movement
Myofibrils
sarcomere
striations
A band
H zone
M line
Myosin
I band
z disc
Myofilaments
Actin
thin
Myosin
thick
crossbridge cycle
ADP+p released causing a pull to M line
ATP allowing myosin to detach from actin
myosin attachment to actin
troponin
tropomyosin
Excitation- contraction coupling
Action potential
down T tubules
Calcium ions release
binds to triponin
myosin binds to actin
contraction
Muscle fiber contraction
action potentials
acetylcholine
ion channels
chemically gated
voltage gated
clinical view
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Myasthenia Gravis
tetanus
botulism
rigor mortis
Muscle twitch
latent period
no muscle contraction
period of contraction
cross bridge
period of relaxation
active cross bridge decline
whole muscle contraction
muscle tension
isotonic
muscle shortens
isometric
no shortening
control of movement
increase frequency
causes temporal timulation
individual twitch
temporal summation
unfused tetanus
fused tetanus
greater strength of contraction
increase strength
more motor neurons are active
making ATP
direct phosphorylation
creatine phosphate +ADP
creatine + ATP
anaerobic pathway
glucose
glycolysis
pyruvic acid
lactic acid
ATP
aerobic pathway
glucose + oxygen
carbon dioxide + water + ATP
muscle development
myotube matures
forms into skeletal muscle fiber
embryonic mosoderm
myoblast cell diviide
myoblast fuse together
myotube