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23 y/o male comes in with arm and face spasms and is diagnosed with…
23 y/o male comes in with arm and face spasms and is diagnosed with Clostridium tetani
Upstream Effects
Clostridium tetani
Direct Cause
Tetanus toxin is bound to presynaptic terminals
Indirect Cause
Got a tattoo at a "sketchy" tattoo parlor
Spasms
Direct Cause
Inactivation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter
Indirect Cause
Tetanus bacteria in blood stream
Background Information
Anatomy
Excitation Contraction Coupling
EPSPs
Summation
Neurons
Structural Classification
Bipolar
Multipolar
Unipolar
Functional Classification
Interneurons
Motor Neurons
Sensory Neurons
Organ Systems/ Organs
Digestive
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder
Cardiovascular
heart
Muscular
all muscles of the body
Nervous
brain, spinal cord, nerves, and neurons
Respiratory
lungs
IPSPs
Clostridium tetani
Physiology
Excitation Contraction Coupling
Depolarizing events in the sarcolemma that start the mechanical shortening of muscles
Neurotransmitter- Acetycholine
Calcium gated channels
Summation
Temporal Summation
EPSPs close in time are added together
Spatial Summation
EPSPs at the same time in the same location
No Summation
EPSPs are not added together
Neurons
Structural Classification
Bipolar
Multipolar
Unipolar
Functional Classification
Interneurons
Connect many sensory neurons and motor neurons
Motor neurons
Carry signals from CNS to PNS
Sensory Neurons
Receive signals from PNS and send to CNS
EPSPs
Changes that depolarize the membrane
Sodium gated channels
Organ Systems
Digestive
Allows body to get nutrients
Cardiovascular
Pumps blood to the entire body
Muscular
Provides movement for the body
Nervous
Receives, processes, and reacts to stimuli
Respiratory
Provides the body and organs with oxygen
IPSPs
Changes that hyperpolarize the membrane
Chloride and Potassium gated channels
Clostridium tetani
grows at a wound site and release tetanolysin and tetanospasmin toxins that cause continuous muscle contractions
Downstream Effects
Muscular system
Spasms due to constant signals being sent to muscles
Nervous system
Blocks nerve signals from your spinal cord
Respiratory system
Difficulty breathing because the muscles do not tighten correctly
Cardiovascular system
Spasms of the heart muscle
Digestive system
Hard time swallowing
Neurons
motor neurons do not receive the signal to stop contraction
Inhibitory Interneurons become inactive
Excitation Contraction Coupling
Muscle cannot stop receiving message to contract due to the affected interneurons and motor neurons
Summation
Spatial Summation because the muscle continually contracts
EPSPs
Lack of repolarization of membrane
IPSPs
Lack of hyperpolarization of membrane
