Skeletal Muscle System Period2 Daniela
Major functions of the
muscular system
Names of the muscles
types of muscle tissues
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Quadriceps
Harmstring
Triceps
Gastrocnemius
Biceps
Soleus
Erector spinae
Gluteus
Rectas abdominis
Latissimus dorsi
Biceps branchii
Trapezius
Triceps branchii
Deltoid
Gluteus Maximus
Pectoral
Sartorius
Abdominal
Tensor fascia
Body movement terminology
structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
physiology of muscle contraction
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It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the walls of the heart
It is a form of striated muscle tissue, which is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system
Is a muscle tissue in which the contractile fibrils are not highly ordered, occurring in the gut and other internal organs and not under voluntary controits
Tissue
blood vessels
Nerves
A bundle of fibers that uses electrical and chemical signals to transmit sensory and motor information from one body part to another
Tissues are groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function
a vessel in the human or animal body in which blood circulates
Extension
Abduction
Flexion
a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts
a movement that increases the angle between two body parts
a movement away from the midline just as abducting someone is to take them away
Adduction
Medial Rotation
a movement towards the midline Adduction of the hip squeezes the legs together
Medial rotation is a rotational movement towards the midline. It is sometimes referred to as internal rotation.
Lateral rotation
Elevation and depression
a rotating movement away from the midline. This is in the opposite direction to the movements described above
Elevation refers to movement in a superior direction and depression refers to movement in an inferior direction.
Protraction
the movement of ‘reaching out’ to something
Retraction
posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly picking something up
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The brain or spinal cord sends an impulse to
the muscle.
The binding Ach causes depolarization of the sarcolemma by opening ion channels and allowing Na+ions into the muscle
Na+ ions diffuse into the muscle fiber and depolarization
continues
Depolarization creates a wave of action potential across the sarcolemma
Ach is released from the axon to receptors located on the
sarcolemma
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Action potential travels across the sarcolemma and down
the T-tubules s which triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum
SR to release Ca+
Myosin is now ready to bind with the actin and form cross bridges which begins the contraction process
As Ca+ levels rise, Ca+ ions bind with Troponin which
removes the blocking action of Tropomyosin from the Actin
binding sites
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. Actin and myosin bind together to form a cross bridge
ATP is then hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi, which
gives the myosin the energy to “cock” its head to the highenergy position
The myosin heads then pull the actin filaments inward and
release the ADP and Pi and return to a low energy position.:
. In order to contract, ATP binds to the Myosin
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mobility
Stability
Posture
Circulation
Respiration
Digestion
Urination
Childbirth
within a joint is the degree to which the area where two bones meet
the ability to maintain control of joint movement or position by coordinating actions of surrounding tissues and the neuromuscular system
The carriage of the body as a whole, the attitude of the body, or the position of the limbs
the movement of blood through the vessels of the body that is induced by the pumping action of the heart and serves to distribute nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste products from all parts of the body
the movement of respiratory gases into and out of the lungs
is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body
the process of delivering a baby and the placenta, membranes, and umbilical cord from the uterus to the vagina to the outside world
the process in the alimentary canal by which food is broken up physically