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Skeletal Muscle System Period2 Daniela (Names of the muscles (Quadriceps,…
Skeletal Muscle System Period2 Daniela
Major functions of the
muscular system
mobility
within a joint is the degree to which the area where two bones meet
Stability
the ability to maintain control of joint movement or position by coordinating actions of surrounding tissues and the neuromuscular system
Posture
The carriage of the body as a whole, the attitude of the body, or the position of the limbs
Circulation
the movement of blood through the vessels of the body that is induced by the pumping action of the heart and serves to distribute nutrients and oxygen to and remove waste products from all parts of the body
Respiration
the movement of respiratory gases into and out of the lungs
Digestion
the process in the alimentary canal by which food is broken up physically
Urination
is the ejection of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body
Childbirth
the process of delivering a baby and the placenta, membranes, and umbilical cord from the uterus to the vagina to the outside world
Names of the muscles
Quadriceps
Harmstring
Triceps
Gastrocnemius
Biceps
Soleus
Erector spinae
Gluteus
Rectas abdominis
Latissimus dorsi
Biceps branchii
Trapezius
Triceps branchii
Deltoid
Gluteus Maximus
Pectoral
Sartorius
Abdominal
Tensor fascia
types of muscle tissues
Smooth muscle
Is a muscle tissue in which the contractile fibrils are not highly ordered, occurring in the gut and other internal organs and not under voluntary controits
Skeletal muscle
It is a form of striated muscle tissue, which is under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system
Cardiac muscle
It is an involuntary, striated muscle that constitutes the main tissue of the walls of the heart
Body movement terminology
Extension
a movement that increases the angle between two body parts
Abduction
a movement away from the midline just as abducting someone is to take them away
Flexion
a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts
Adduction
a movement towards the midline Adduction of the hip squeezes the legs together
Medial Rotation
Medial rotation is a rotational movement towards the midline. It is sometimes referred to as internal rotation.
Lateral rotation
a rotating movement away from the midline. This is in the opposite direction to the movements described above
Elevation and depression
Elevation refers to movement in a superior direction and depression refers to movement in an inferior direction.
Protraction
the movement of ‘reaching out’ to something
Retraction
posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly picking something up
structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
Tissue
Tissues are groups of cells that have a similar structure and act together to perform a specific function
blood vessels
a vessel in the human or animal body in which blood circulates
Nerves
A bundle of fibers that uses electrical and chemical signals to transmit sensory and motor information from one body part to another
physiology of muscle contraction
3rd step
The binding Ach causes depolarization of the sarcolemma by opening ion channels and allowing Na+ions into the muscle
4th step
Na+ ions diffuse into the muscle fiber and depolarization
continues
2nd step
Ach is released from the axon to receptors located on the
sarcolemma
5th step
Depolarization creates a wave of action potential across the sarcolemma
1st step
The brain or spinal cord sends an impulse to
the muscle.
6 step
Action potential travels across the sarcolemma and down
the T-tubules s which triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum
SR to release Ca+
7th step
As Ca+ levels rise, Ca+ ions bind with Troponin which
removes the blocking action of Tropomyosin from the Actin
binding sites
8th step
Myosin is now ready to bind with the actin and form cross bridges which begins the contraction process
9th step
. In order to contract, ATP binds to the Myosin
10th step
ATP is then hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi, which
gives the myosin the energy to “cock” its head to the highenergy position
11th step
. Actin and myosin bind together to form a cross bridge
12th step
The myosin heads then pull the actin filaments inward and
release the ADP and Pi and return to a low energy position.: