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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (Characteristics of…
Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
Characteristics of Nonvascular Plants
Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
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embryophytes without vascular tissue
Bodies composed of parenchyma derived from 3-dimensional growth
Classification of Nonvascular Plants
Liver worts
Hepatophyta
Mosses
Bryophyta
Hornworts
Anthocerotophyta
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
The Gametophyte Generation
Morphology
Grow close together, tightly appressed and forming dense mounds
Water Transport
Hydroids
innermost cortex conduct water and dissolved materials
Leptoids
elongate with relatively prominent interconnections
Rhizoids
small multicellular trichome structures that penetrate surface of substrate
Development
Protonema
lots of small chloroplasts
Reproduction
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Antheridia
Where sperms produced
Archegonia
where eggs occur
The Sporophyte Generation
Foot
small, bulbous tissue at bottom of archegonium
Capsule
simple apical sporangium
Seta
narrow stalk b/w foot and sporangium
Operculum
caplike lid
Peristome Teeth
cell breakage forms complex teeth
Calyptra
layer of cells from neck of archegonium
Metabolism and Ecology
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
The Gametophyte Generation
Leafy Liverworts
Jungermanniales and Haplomitriales
thallose liverworts
flat and ribbon like
Thallus
body w/o roots, stems, and leaves
Air pores
have no guard cells and can't be closed
Antheridiophore
umbrella shaped outgrowth
Archegoniophores
stalked with apex that have radiating fingers projecting outward and droop downward
The Sporophyte Generation
Elaters
single elongated cells with spring-shaped walls
Division Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
The Gametophyte Generation
think along edges in center 4 to 5 cells thick, brittle
Special mucilage chamber present
zygote divides longitudinally after fertilization
The Sporophyte Generation
Foot embedded in gametophore tissue but no seta or sporangium
Hornworts
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small, inconspicuous thalloid plants
Ubiquitous, perennial
smalls plants with alternation of heteromorphic generations