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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts (Characteristics of…

- - - - Grow close together, tightly appressed and forming dense mounds
    - - Hydroids
        
        innermost cortex conduct water and dissolved materials
      - Leptoids
        
        elongate with relatively prominent interconnections
      - Rhizoids
        
        small multicellular trichome structures that penetrate surface of substrate
    - - Protonema
        
        lots of small chloroplasts
    - - Antheridia
        
        Where sperms produced
      - Archegonia
        
        where eggs occur
  - - - small, bulbous tissue at bottom of archegonium
    - - simple apical sporangium
    - - narrow stalk b/w foot and sporangium
    - - caplike lid
    - - cell breakage forms complex teeth
    - - layer of cells from neck of archegonium
- - - - Jungermanniales and Haplomitriales
    - - flat and ribbon like
    - - body w/o roots, stems, and leaves
    - - have no guard cells and can't be closed
    - - umbrella shaped outgrowth
    - - stalked with apex that have radiating fingers projecting outward and droop downward
  - - - single elongated cells with spring-shaped walls