Muscular System
Major muscles of the back, shoulder and chest
Muscles of the quadriceps
.
3 types of muscle tissues,
Rhomboids
Deltoid
Trapezius
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Erector spinae
Extension of the vertebral column
Adduction, extension and medial rotation of the arm. Retraction and depression of shoulder
Elevation, depression and retraction of the scapula
Retraction and depression of the scapula. Fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall
Abduction, extension, lateral rotation, flexion and medial rotation of arm
Adduction, flexion and medial rotation of arm
Major muscles of the upper arm
Triceps brachii
Extension of elbow
Major muscles of the Abdomen
Rectus abdominis
Flexion of vertebral column
External oblique’s
Internal oblique’s
Rotation of vertebral column, compression of abdomen and flexion of vertebral column
Compression of abdomen, flexion of vertebral column and rotation of vertebral column
Major muscles of the hip region
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Gluteus maximus
Hip flexors
Abduction and medial rotation of leg
Extension and lateral rotation of leg
Abduction and medial rotation of leg
Flexion of femur and vertebral column. Flexion and lateral rotation of leg
Quadriceps
(Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus medialis)
Flexion of the femur and extension of the knee femur
Muscles of the hamstrings
Hamstrings
(Semimembranosus, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris)
Extension, medial and lateral rotation of leg. Flexion of knee
Muscles of the calves
Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexion of foot and flexion of knee
Soleus
Plantar flexion of foot
Smooth muscle
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
located in the walls of the heart, appear striated, and are under involuntary control.
located in walls of hollow visceral organs, except the heart, appear spindle-shaped, and are also under involuntary control.
Skeletal muscle fibers occur in muscles which are attached to the skeleton. They are striated in appearance and are under voluntary control.
Body movement terminology
Medial and Lateral Rotation
Muscular System
by Jose Arcos
Per 2
Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion
Abduction and Adduction
Flexion and Extension
Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.
Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.
Abduction is a movement away from the midline – just as abducting someone is to take them away
Adduction is a movement towards the midline. Adduction of the hip squeezes the legs together.
Medial rotation is a rotational movement towards the midline.
Lateral rotation is a rotating movement away from the midline.
Dorsiflexion refers to flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly.
Plantarflexion refers extension at the ankle, so that the foot points inferiorly.
Organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
Microscopic level — sarcomere and myofibrils
Cell level — myoblasts and myofibers
Molecular level — actin and myosin
Tissue level — neuromuscular junctions and fascicles
Organ level — major skeletal muscles of the body
Picture
The sliding filament theory is the explanation for how muscles contract to produce force. The actin and myosin filaments within the sarcomeres of muscle fibres bind to create cross-bridges and slide past one another, creating a contraction. The sliding filament theory explains how these cross-bridges are formed and the subsequent contraction of muscle.
The Sliding Filament Theory