Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Alteration of respiratory function (change in the respiratory system :fire…
Alteration of respiratory function
change in the respiratory system :fire:
decreased elastin and increased collagen
decreased lung elastic recoli
early airway losure
decreased expiratory flow rate
stiffer chest wall
decreased vital capacity
enlargement of alveoli
increased dead space
increased residual voilume
decreased vital capacity
decreased expiratory flow rate and increased work of breathing
decreased surface area
V/Q mismatch and decreased diffusion capacity
decreased PaO2
decreased expiratory flow rate and increased work of breathing
hypertrophy of bronchial mucous glands :explode:
V/Q mismatch and decreased diffusion capacity
decrease PaO2
increased work of breathing
Decreased respiratory muscle strength
decreased effectiveness of cough
decrease PaO2
increased work of breathing
interactive mechanisms influencing control of respiration
The Medullary Respiratory Center
dorsal respiratory groups(DRG = dorsal respiratory group) :pencil2:
the DRG is probably responsible for driving the diaphragm and is probably the initial integrating site for many cardiopulmonary reflexes that affect the respiratory rhythm
the ventral respiratory groups(VRG = ventral respiratory group) :pen:
the VRG neurons consist of both inspiratory and expiratory cells.
Their major function is to drive either spinal respiratory neurons, innervating mainly the intercostal and abdominal muscles, or the auxiliary muscles of respiration innervated by the vagus nerves
慢性阻塞性肺病
危險因子(抽菸、職業暴露、 呼吸道感染、空氣汙染、遺傳性疾病)
導致慢性發炎反應
1.活化肺臟的上皮細胞 2.將巨噬細胞引至肺部並活化
巨噬細胞再肺實質聚集
成為蛋白酶的儲藏所
存活期長的巨噬細胞能夠釋出蛋白酶並造成組織長時間的傷害
釋出1.中性球趨化因子 2.介白質-8 3.白三烯素B4 4.腫瘤壞死因子
中性球抵達並釋出蛋白酶
蛋白酶/蛋白酶抑制劑的不平衡導致蛋白酶活性增加
分解結締組織(尤其是彈性蛋白elastin)
加上修復機制故障導致
1 more item...
ARDS
tissue trauma
platelet aggregability and sequestration of platelet in the lung, release of platelet-derived growth factor and platelet-activating factor, which cause platelet to release protease and kallkrein
actirated neutrophils release serotonin, bradykinin histamine and thromboxane A2 and lead to generation of free oxygen radicals prostagiandins , thromboxane and leukotrienes
pulmonary platelet trapping and coagulation activation
pemeability of endothelium and epithelium
type 1 alveolar epithelial detects
swollen capiliary endothelium of cells
widned interendothelial junction(leaky capillaries)
disrupted basement membrane
disorganized collagen in the interstitum
damage to type 2 pneumocytes ans type 1 alveolar cells
decreased surfacetant
decrease capiliary pressure with occlusion of vessel
1 more item...
氣喘 :star:
潛在誘發因子
運動、空氣汙染、病毒感染、阿斯匹靈
首次暴露:過敏原接觸抗原呈現細胞，主要是樹狀細胞
抗原呈現細胞移至淋巴結
CD4細胞
T細胞經TH2路徑分化
TH2 細胞素釋出
介白質-5(IL-5)召來位於骨髓的嗜伊紅性白血球
1 more item...
B細胞
B細胞經由IL-4及IL-3、結合T細胞而活化
合成免疫球蛋白E(IgE)
IgE從血液循環抵達肺臟，結合黏膜層與黏膜下層的肥胖細胞
1 more item...