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THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM (ALL THE MUSCLES (Hamstrings Bicep Femoris (O:ischial…
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
ALL THE MUSCLES
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Orbicularis Oculi
Action: closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting.
Orbicularis Oculi
Action: closes eyelids; used in blinking, winking, and squinting.
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Buccinator
Action: compresses cheek, allowing for rapid changes in volume of mouth cavity
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Temporalis
Action: closes jaw, elevates and retracts mandible; Description: muscle extending from the temporal fossa to the coronoid process of the mandible.
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lateral pterygoid
Action: grinding movement, depresses and protracts mandible and moves it from side to side.
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sternocleidomastoid
Action: flexion of neck forward, rotates the head to opposite shoulder.
Scalenes
Action: elevates ribs 1 and 2, aid in inspiration.
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Diaphragm
Action: Respiration, most important muscle in inspiration.
Internal intercostal
Action: draw ribs downward and inward to compress thoracic cavity and force air from lungs; not needed for relaxed expiration.
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Trapezius
Action: raises, rotates, and adducts the arm.
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Latissimus Dorsi
Action: extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm; draws the shoulder downward and backward.
Coracobrachialis
Action: flexes the humerus,assists to adduct the humerus; Origin: coracoid process of the scapula; Insertion: medial shaft of the humerus at about its middle.
Deltoid
A large triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint and serving to abduct and flex and extend and rotate the arm
Teres Major
Action: extends and medially rotates humerus; contributes to arm swinging. Origin: Inferior angle of scapula. Insertion: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus.
SUPRASPINATUS
Abducts arm; stabilizes the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles
Infraspinatus
Laterally rotates shoulder; stabilizes the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles
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Subscapularis
O: inner surface of scapula | I: lesser tubercle of humerus | A: medial rotation of humerus
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Brachioradialis
Superficial, lateral forearm muscle. Synergist in forearm flexion. Stabilizes elbow.
Biceps Brachii
A muscle that flexes and supinates the forearm, powerful flexor of forearm; origin is glenoid process and coracoid process of scapula, insertion is radial tuberosity.
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Supinator
Action: supinates the forearm; Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal ulna; Insertion: proximal end of radius
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Powerful wrist flexor; abducts hand. Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; Insertion: palmar aponeurosis.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Action: flexes wrist and adducts hand; Origin: medial epicondyle of humerus; olecranon of ulna; Insertion: pisiform bone; 5th metacarpal.
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Action: extends & abducts wrist; Orgin: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerous., insertion: base of metacarpal 2 and 3.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Action: extends and adducts wrist; Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulnar. Insertion: Base of metacarpal 5.
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Action: flexes wrist and middle phalanges of fingers 2-5. Deeper muscle , visible at distal end of forearm.
Extensor Digitorum
Action: prime mover of finger extension. Extends wrist; Origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus. Insertion: dorsal surfaces of phalanges II - V.
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Action: abducts and extends thumb. Origin: posterior surface of radius and ulna; Insertion metacarpal 1 and trapezium.
Extensor Pollicis Longus
Action: extends thumb; Origin: dorsal shaft of ulna and radius; Insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb
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Gluteus Maximus
heaviest muscle in body, extends/straightens leg at hip during walking
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Piriformis
originates on anterior surface of pelvis, inserts on greater trochanter, rotates hip laterally and abducts flexed thigh at hip
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Sartorius
a muscle in the thigh that helps to rotate the leg into the sitting position assumed by a tailor
Rectus Femoris
part of quadriceps group, extends leg at knee
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Vastus Imtermedius
Action: extension of leg; Origin: femur (anterolateral surface of shaft); Insertion: patella (via a common quadriceps tendon)
Hamstrings Semitendinosus
Action: flexes leg at knee; extends thigh at hip. Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: shaft of tibia. Location: medial to biceps femoris, superficial to semimembranosus. Nerve: sciatic
Hamstrings Semimembranosus
Action: flexes leg at knee; extends thigh at hip. Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: medial condyle of tibia. Location: medial hamstring. Nerve: sciatic
Hamstrings Bicep Femoris
O:ischial tuberosity, distal femur
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Popliteus
originates on lateral condyle of femur, inserts on posterior surface of tibia, brings knee out of locked full extension
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Anterior Tibialis
front of shin, flexes ankle
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Flexor Digitorum Longus
O: tibia I: bases of distal phlanges of toes | A: flexes 4 lateral digits; plantarflexion; aids with inversion; supports foot longitudinal arches; helps toes grip the ground
Extensor Digitorum Longs
O: lateral tibial condyle, interosseous membrane, fibula (prox 3/4) I: via tendon to middle and distal phalanges of 2-5 toes A: PRIME MOVER toe ext, dorsiflexion of foot synergist of tib ant and extensor hallicus longus
Peroneus Longus
Plantar flexion and eversion of foot; stabilizes the lateral ankle and arch of the foot
Tensor Fascia Lata
anterior part of the external lip of iliac crest, outer surface of ASIS, and deep surface of fascia lata
MUSCLE TYPES
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found in walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and glands (smooth muscle)
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long, cylindrical cell shapes with no branching (skeletal)
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THREE TYPES: SKELETAL, CARDIAC, SMOOTH
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Body
movement terminology structure and organizational levels of the skeletal muscle (pg 283 and 285)
MUSCLE: a muscle consists of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells, plus connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels, and nerve fibers. It is covered externally by the Epimysium
FASCICLE: a fascicle is a discrete bundle of muscle cells, segregated from the rest of the muscle by a connective tissue sheath. Surrounded by perimysium
MUSCLE FIBER: a muscle fiber is an elongated multinucleate cell; it has a banded (striated) appearance. Surrounded by endomysium
MYOFIBRIL: myofibrils are rodlike contractile elements that occupy most of the muscle cell volume. Composed of sarcomeres arranged end to end, they appear banded, and bands of adjacent myofibrils are aligned.
SARCOMERE: a sacromere is the contractile unit, composed of myofilament made up of contractile proteins.
MYOFILAMENT: contractile myofilament are two types--thick or thin. Thick filaments contain bundled myosin molecules; thick filaments contain bundled myosin molecules; thin filaments contain actin molecules (plus other proteins). The sliding of the thin filaments past the thick filaments produces muscle shortening. Elastic filaments provide elastic recoil when tension is released and help maintain myofilament organization.
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