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non-vascular plants (characters of non-vascular plants (exclusively…
non-vascular plants
characters of non-vascular plants
exclusively terrestrial, and have cuticle over their bodies.
many have stomata.
Parenchyma cells derived by 3D growth
life cycle with an alteration of Heteromorphic generations.
Embryophyte don't have vascular tissue.
can never grow to be really large.
classification of non vascular plants
informally referred to Bryophyte.
three are treated as division and generic term bryophyte used for mosses.
past all three were grouped together in Bryophyta.
all are together called as non-vascular plants.
have many features in common with mosses, liverworts,and hornworths.
division of Bryophyta plants: Mosses
the Sporophtye generation
true epidermis with Stomata at least on the base of Sporangium.
all spore are of same size and appear to be identical.
relatively complex in the case of structure.
all mosses are homosporous.
Metabolism and ecology
without vascular tissues the stem and leaves become desiccated.
desiccated mosses are resistant to UV light and high and low temp
plant will dry out if exposed in dry air for few minutes.
certain mosses grow on the hard surface, they have no root to penetrate the substrate.
critical factors are small size and lack of conducting tissues.
the gametophyte generation
found on all parts of world and any environment.
perennial and thrive in many places within cities.
morphology
leafy stem grow together tightly appressed and forming dense mounds.
open, and loose
gametophores
most gametophore grows from apical meristem.
mosses are always slender and have little tissue differentiation.
water transport
Hydroids conducts water and dissolved minerals.
looses their cytoplasm when mature.
innermost cortex is composed of cells called hydroids.
majority lack Hydroids so they conduct water through capillary action.
reproduction.
oogamous i.e. every species has small bifalgellate sperm cells & large non-motile egg cells.
sperms are produced in microgametangia called antheridia.
gametophore produces gametangia
egg occur in megagametangia are called archegonia.
gametophyte generation is dominant over sporophyte.
non-flowering plant.
Division of Hepatophyta: Liverworts
The Gametophyte generation
develops from the germinating spore.
sexual phase is Gametophyte.
they show less resemblance to mosses.
haploid thallus.
divide to two: leafy, thallose
small, green terrestrial plants and don't have true root or stem.
The Sporophyte generation
undergoes alteration of generation.
Sporophyte compromises the main plant.
diploid
asexual phase of plant
recessive generation
gametophyte is dominant over. sporophyte
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non-flowering plant.
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rhizoids are unicellular.
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Division of Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
The Gametophyte generation
hornwort gametophyte is an often lobed or wrinkled, greenish sheet
dominant phase of the life cycle is the haploid gametophyte
lack the scales present on the undersides of the thalli of complex thallose liverworts.
flattened, irregularly lobulated (thallose).
the dominant phase of the life cycle is the haploid gametophyte
the sporophyte generation
sporophyte is dependent on the attached gametophyte for nutrients and water
Sporophyte consists of foot, stalk, and capsule
Most sporophytes grow to up to 5 cm
Spores grow into gametophyte thallus
develop long, slender sporophytes.
rhizoids are unicellular.