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classification and systematics (the major lines of evolution. (a…
classification and systematics
cladistics
understanding cladograms
diagram that shows evolutionary patterns by series of branches.
each point at which cladograms branch is node.
node represents the divergence of one taxon to two.
all the branch that extend from particular point represent the original group.i.e common ancestor
common ancestor and all branches that lead from a Clade.
Paraphyletic group don't contain descendants of most recent common ancestors
cladograms and taxonomic cateogories
Cladograms goes with node and clade and taxonomy with interbreeding.
due to diverse many families have combined to one.
they are diverse and complex.
method of analyzing the phylogenetic, evolutionary relationship.
taxonomic studies
science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world.
Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) founded modern taxonomy.
helps us categorize organisms so we can more easily communicate biological information
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level of taxonomic categories
no objective criteria exist, decision is subjective and often cause of dispute
categories: Kingdom, Division, Class,Order, Family, Genus,Species
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closely related group are kept together in genera
other types of classification system
classification system for fossils
combine feature of both artificial and natural system.
fossil with same basic form and structure are classified together.
third type of classification used for fossil organisms
artificial system of classifications
easy plant identification by means of obvious characters i.e flowers, color and habit.
used only adjuncts to natural system
choose the one easy to observe, key characters they have
the major lines of evolution.
a significant aspect was the origin of mitochondria.
as the evolution occur classification started on characters based.
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next major evolution is conversion of prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
significant event on evolution is origin of life itself.
