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Non-vascular Plants: Mosses, liverworts, and Hornworts (Division…
Non-vascular Plants: Mosses, liverworts, and Hornworts
Division Anthocerophyta: Hornworts:
Sporophyte Generation:
Spores
Black
some multicellular
Green, golden, yellow
Gametophyte Generation:
Thin along edges
Moist soil/hidden by other plants
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
Hepatic gametophytes are
divided into two basic groups
Leafy liverworts:
2 rounded lobes
no midrib
Thallose liverwort
Air pores: Cells are loosely arranged as an aerenchyma with
large air chambers that open to the exterior by means of air
pores
: Antheridiophore : Male gametophores of Marchantia which
produce an umbrella shaped outgrowth
Thallus: Less Resemblance to mosses, not leafy but rather flat
and ribbon like or heart shaped and bilaterally symmetrical
Archegoniophores: Also are
stalked, but their apex is a set of
radiating fingers that project outward and droop downward
: The sporophyte generation little variability exists in the
sporophytes of most liverworts, and their basic morphology is like that of mosses
Classification of Non-Vascular Plants: Many feature
are common but also differ in significant respects treated as three distinct divisions
Characteristics of Non-vascular Plants: They are
embryophytes that do not have vascular tissue, have multicellular sporangia and gametangia:
Reproductive cells are surrounded by one or several layers of sterile cells
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
The Sporophyte Generation
Foot: The zygote of a moss undergoes a transverse division, and
the basal cell, located at the bottom of the archegonium,develops into a small, bulbous tissue
Operculum: The apex of the sporangium which differentiate as a
caplike lid
Peristome Teeth: Cell breakage is elaborate and precise,
resulting in one or two rows of beautiful, exquisitely complex teeth
Seta: Between the foot and the sporangium is a narrow stalk, the
seta
Capsule: Upper cell grows by cell division and expansion into a
simple apical sporangium
Calyptra: which covers the apex of the sporangium in many
species
The Gametophyte Generation: Mosses are ubiquitous, occurring in all parts of the world
Development: Growth of the gametophore begins when a spore
germinates and sends out a long, slender chlorophyll cell which undergoes mitosis and produces a branched system of similar
cells; the entire network is a protonema
Morphology: Technically known as gametophores, many moss
plants grow close together, tightly appressed and forming dense mounds, they are open and loose
Reproduction: Gametophore at some point produces
gametangia. All mosses are oogamous; that is every species has
small biflagellate sperm cells and large nonmotile egg cells
Archegonia: Where eggs occur in Megaganetangia
Antheridia: Where sperms are produced in microgametangia
Metabolism and Ecology: Small size and lack of conducting
tissues are two critical factors
