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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts & Hornworts (Characters of…

- - - - alternation of heteromorphic generation
- - - - Class Heptaticae
      - Anthocerotae
      - Class Music
- - - - leafy stems are gametophores
      - grow from apical meristem that contain prominent apical cell
      - leaves aligned in 3 rows & moss have midrib
      - no stomata on mosses leaves
    - - leptoids- cells that resemble sieve tube
      - most mosses do not have hydroids & leptoids
        
        water is conducted by capillary action
      - hydroids- innermost cortex cell
        
        conducts water
        
        conduct minerals
    - - protonema- filamentous green alga
      - protonemata are perennial & can grow extensively, producing many buds
      - growth begins when spore germinates & send out chlorophyll cell
    - - antheridia- sperm produced in microgametangia
      - archegonia- eggs occurs in megagametangia
      - gametophore produces gametangia
- - - - leafy liverworts
      - thallose liverworts