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The Muscular System …
The Muscular System Julia Melendrez Pd.5
Major Functions
Thermogenes (body heat): helps w/ homeostasis
posture: maintains body's position
motion: change in the body's position
names of muscles
achilces tendon: attaches your calf muscles to your heel bone
brachioradialis: located in the forearm-enables flexion of the elbow join
trapezius:back muscle
epicranial aponeurosis:covers the forehead, top, and upper-rear portion of the skull
levator scapulae: located at the side and back of the neck -primary function is to lift the scapula
peroneus lungs:carries blood from the knee & heart
obicularis oris: originates in the maxilla- controls movements of the mouth and lips
sartorius:spans the distance of the thigh
sternocleidomastoid: central portion of the collarbone- flexes the neck and helps with movement of the head
external brachi:involved in the movement of the elbow and shoulder
tensor fasciae lattae:tiny muscle, inferior to the iliotibial band- performs the functions of hip flexion and abduction
vatus medials: located on the front of the thigh-used to extend the leg at the knee and to stabilize the patella
tibialis anterior: located near the shin
rectus abdominis: in-front of the body beginning at the pubic bone and ending at the sternum- activated while doing crunches & child is delivered
Masseter thick and tendon-like portion of the muscle that connects to the cheekbone -chewing
pectorails major: large muscle in the upper chest -create the bulk of the chest
platysma:superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid
external oblique: largest parts of the trunk area -variety of trunk movements
3 types of muscle tissues
Cardiac Muscle: cells are long & cylindrical- has a single central nucleus- forms heart wall
involuntary: cant consciously control it
joined to another cell at intercalated discs
smooth muscle : cells are spindle- in the digestive tract- controls movement inside internal organs
skeletal Muscle: cells are long,& cylindrical
striated: visible banding
voluntary: subject to conscious control
body movement
extensions: increases the angle b/w two bones
flexion: decreases the angle b/w two bones
prime mover :muscle whose contraction is mainly responsible for producing a given movement
synergist: muscle whose contraction help the primary mover
antagonist: muscle whose actions oppose the action of the primary mover
parts involving muscle movement
ligament: strong cords of fibrous connective tissue
body: main part of the muscle
tendons: strong cords of fibrous connective tissue
insertion: ends of muscle attach to the bone that moves when a muscle contracts
burase: synovial-lined sacs containing synovial fluid
origin: attaches to the bone that doesn't move when contraction of the muscle occurs
muscular disorders
botulism: bacterial infection that cuases flaccid muscle paralysis
tetanus: caused by bacterial infection
botox:toxxin
ach receptor inhibitors: muscle never gets the signal
connective tissue coverings
epimysium: outermost
perimysium: surroundings bundles of muscle fibers
endomysium: separates each muscle
cellular respiration: yields few molecules of ATP so muscles has a high
during rest or moderate activity there's enough oxygen to support the aerobic respiration
oxygen deficiency may develop during strenuous exercise the pyruvic acid forms reacts to form the lactic acid
at the end the profuct of anaerobid respriaction accumlayes
body movement
abduction: movement
adduction: movement of limb toward the midline
circumduction: proximal end of a limbs is stationary & distal end moves in cricle
dorsiflexion: lifting the superior surface of a foot towards the shin
plantar flexion: pointing toe
inversion: turn sole of foot medially