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National interest- what is in a nations best interest. (aspects of…
National interest- what is in a nations best interest.
aspects of national interest
safety and security
how do you keep people safe?
beliefs and values
promoting citizens values, beliefs and cultures.
economic
stable employment and standard of living. Governments acting in the national interest try to provide these economic benefits.
National interest causing countries to act in different ways?
foreign policy?
decisions made by a country and how it reacts with other countries.
Domestic policy?
decisions made by a country that only affects people within its own borders.
First World War
Causes of WW1
militarism
building up military.
nationalism
groups across Europe fighting for self-determination.
Serbia- fighting for self determination from Austria and Hungary.
Germany- be a great power.
Eastern front- Germany vs Russia- fast moving, large battles. Russians surprise Germany by taking a lot of land quickly but surprised by the large better trained German army.
Battle of Tannenberg (August 26th-30th 1914)
Western front- Germany vs France and Britain- Germany captures land in Belgium and France fast. Gets eliminated in Flanders. Stalemate. Newer weapons by now.Trench warfare, machine guns, 'shelling'.
imperialism
new empires are fighting for land. old empires are trying to hold onto their land.
Austria-Hungary- trying to keep empire together.
serbia is fighting against Austria-Hungary to gain self-determination.
Italy- additional territory.
France- revenge for Franco-Russian defeat. Recapture, defeat.
Unites States of America is supplying British and French troops.Germans start to cut off their line of supply, threatening Americas security. Americans get upset, the Zimmerman telegram promises Mexico territory (New Mexico) if they join the war. Telegram is intercepted, United States joins the war.
End of the war- Unites states enters, overwhelming Germany, meant they were losing. Germany wants terms of peace.
November 4th- Austria-Hungary surrenders
November 7th- Kaiser of Germany abdictaes
November 11th- Germany signs armistice
Russia- need access to warm water port.
Russia leaves the war- Russians are upset with Russia. Significant food shortages. Continues to lose battles. In 1917, the Czar renounce ones throne. Government is split between communist and parliament. Sign treaty of Brest-Listovisk with Germany to leave the war.
alliances
countries working together to prevent war.
Great Britain- maintain status quo. Prevent German nasal aggression. Protect Belgium.
Battle of Jutland (May 31st -June 1st 1916)- naval engagement between the British and German fleets.
Commonwealth- Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa etc.
Battle of Somme (July 1st- November 18th 1916)- 3 million commonwealth+ French troops, 1.5 million German troops.
Treaty of Versailles
Peace conference in Paris in 1919
France
They want to recapture the land that Germany took from them.
They want money from Germany.
France wants revenge on Germany.
Britain
Creation of treaty or Versailles-
war reparations (financial clauses)- Was the opening section of the treaty of Versailles and ended WW1.
military clauses- Permitted military a method of breaking a lease agreement.
war guilt clauses- Germany was responsible for WW1. All Germans did not believe that they were.
territorial clauses- grants congress the authority of all land or property owned by the US.
They want Germany to have a strong, stable economy so that they can still sell their products to them and make money.
Britain was wealthy and powerful. Wanted to keep it that way.
They want Germany to have a weak military.
They want to take colonies.
United states.
wanted to fix the root problems of WW1.
want to give nations that want self-determination self-determination. Did not actually end up giving all nations self-determination though.
Italy
Wanted land, worked with Britain.