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Muscular System (Structure and Organizational Level (Muscle Fiber
-is an…
Muscular System
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Muscle Contraction Steps
Steps 5-6
-5: Ca2+ binds to troponin causing tropomyosin to move and expos binding for myosin
-6: the myosin need now binds to actin and froms a crossbridge
Steps 3-4
-3: impulse goes through plasmamembrane and to the T tubules surrounded by myofibrils
-4: Sacroplasmic Reticulum releases calcium ions (ca2+) in the sacroplasm reaching sarcomere
Steps 7-8
-7: mysoin releases ADP and Pi causing myosin to move called power stroke
-8: ATP binds to myosin cause the release of the actin which leads to the preventing ATP to APD and Pi
Steps 1-2
-1: an impulse from the brain and spinal cord are sent to the muscle
-2: impulse goes down the motor neuron to the muscular junction to release ocetycholine
Step 9
-Once the impulse stops, Ca2+ is released from troponin causing tropomyosin to cover the binding sites and prevent contraction
-Ca2+ returns to the SR and waits for another impulse. This is relaxation.
Muscle Names
Chest and Stomach Parts
-Pectoralis major- flexes, adducts, and rotates the shoulder medially
-Trapezius- extends or straightens and hyperextends the neck
-External Oblique- laterally flexes and rotates vertebral column (superficial)
-Rectus Abdominis-abdominal muscle that flexes vertebral column (superficial)
-Internal Oblique muscle-rotates the vertebral column (intermediate)
-Latissimus Dorsi- extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder
-Erector Spinae- extends the vertebral column
Head
-Frontalis- raises the eyebrow
-Orbicularis Oculi- closes the eye
-Temporalis- closes jaw
-Masseter-closes the jaw
-Orbicularis Oris- closes lips
-Zygomaticus- raises the corner of the mouth
-Sternocleidomastoid- flexes and laterally rotates head
Buccinator- compresses the neck
Platysma- tenses skin of neck
Lower Part
-Iliopsoas- Prime mover for flexing thigh or for flexing the thigh trunk
-Sartorius- flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh
-Gluteus maximus- extends thigh and back at the waist
-Gluteus medius- abducts and medially rotates the thigh
-Tibialis anterior- dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot
-Soleus muscle- plantar flexes the ankle
-Gastrocnemius-plantarflexes ankle
-Hamstring- flexes the leg at the knee and extends the thigh
-Extensor digitorum longus- dorsiflexes toes and foot
Forearm Parts
-Deltoid- abduct, flex, extend and rotate the arm
-Triceps Brachii- extends forearm at the elbow
-Biceps Brachii- flexes the forearm
-Brachioradialis- flexes and supinates the forearm at the elbow
-Flexor Carpi Radialis- flexes and abducts the wrist
-Extensor Carpi Radialis- wrist extensors
-Extensor Digitorum- extends the fingers
-Flexor Digitorum Superficialis- flexes wrist and fingers 2-5
3 Types of Muscle Fibers
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
-is packaged into skeletal muscles, organs that attach to and cover the skeleton
-have stripes that are called striations
-skeletal are voluntary muscles because they are the only type of conscious control
-responsible for mobility
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
-occurs in the heart, where it constitutes the bulk of the heart walls
-They have striations as well
-are not voluntary muscles because we don't have conscious control of how fast our heart beats
Smooth Muscle
-found in the walls of hollow visceral organs such as the stomach, urinary, bladder, and respiratory
-forms that are attached to hair follicles
-consists of elongated cells
- no striations and no voluntary control