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Nutrition S1-S4 (Nutrients (Proteins (20 Amino acids NH2-CHR-COOH (Protein…

- - - - Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
      - 5 Cs with polarised OH, 1 Aldehyde group COH
    - - Sucrose (Gl+Fr), Lactose (Gl+Ga), Maltose (Gl+Gl)
    - - Starch
      - Cellulose
      - Glycogen
    - - Gl.+Starch eaten
        
        Energy
        
        Glycogen
  - - - 9 essential
      - 11 non-essential
      - Protein: one or more polypeptides
        
        Hydrogen bonds cause folding
        
        Hydrophobic inside
        
        Shape and charge affect binding
  - - - Energy
      - Transport
      - Digestion
      - Membranes
    - - Fatty acids C-chain + COOH, 2 essential
        
        Saturated -> heart disease?, obesity
        
        Unsaturated -> obesity
      - TAGs Glycerol + 3 chains
      - Phospholipid, 2 chains, membranes
        
        Diffusion
        
        Osmosis
        
        Active transport
    - - Synthesis of hormones, vitamin D, bile, membranes
      - CHD (atherosclerosis)
        
        Heart attack
        
        Stroke
      - LDL (liver to cells)
      - HDL (cells to liver)
  - - - Meat, dairy, yellow fruit and veg.
      - Infections, blindness
  - - - Seafood, in soil. Added to salt
      - Goitre, fatigue, mental slowness, depression
    - - Meat, liver, nuts, green veg.
      - 2 bn deficient, anaemia, weakness
- - - - Skeletal
      - Smooth
      - Cardiac
  - - - Nucleus
      - Mitocondria
      - Endoplasmic reticulum
- - - - 1 in 9 undernourished
      - Dependency on local food
      - Mainly Southern and Eastern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa
      - Underweight, stunting (many effects), wasting
    - - Non-communicable diseases
        
        Cardiovascular
        
        Type-2 diabetes
        
        Cancers
        
        Osteoarthritis
      - Almost 1/3 of population, age-standardised data, not just rich countries
    - - Lean mass
      - Fat mass
        
        Visceral
        
        Subcutaneous
      - BMI
        
        18.5 - 24.9 healthy
        
        Some factors not taken into account
        
        Proxy measure, easy, accepted, old data
        
        MRI, MUAC, Waist-to-hip