Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

23 year old patient with tetanus (Downstream Causes (Skeletal Muscular…

- - - - Neuron
        
        Nerve cell
        
        axon
        
        dendrites
        
        axon terminals
        
        axon hillock
        
        myelin sheath
      - Functional Classification
        
        Sensory
        
        Motor
        
        Integrating
      - Structural Classification
        
        Unipolar
        
        Bipolar
        
        Multipolar
    - - Muscle cell
        
        myofibril
        
        sarcomere
        
        actin
        
        troponin
        
        tropomyosin
        
        myosin
        
        sarcolemma
        
        sarcoplasm
        
        sarcoplasmic reticulum
        
        T-Tubules
      - Muscle types
        
        Cardiac Muscle
        
        Smooth Muscle
        
        Skeletal Muscle
  - - - Dendrites: receive signals from other neurons through neurotransmitters
      - Axon: carries the signal down the neuron
      - Axon Terminals: when receiving a signal, release neurotransmitters
      - Myelin Sheath: make it so the signal goes faster in axon by reducing the amount the signal has to depolarize again.
      - Axon Hillock: place where signal becomes an action potential on the axon. Summation occurs here.
      - Functional Classification
        
        Sensory: collect info from receptors
        
        Motor: send directions for the right response
        
        Integrating: process the info and predict the right response
      - Structural Classification
        
        Unipolar: one projection off the cell body
        
        Bipolar: two projections off the cell body
        
        Multipolar: more than two projections off the cell body
    - - Sarcolemma: plasma membrane that is semipermeable, decides what goes in muscle cells
      - Myofibril: Contracts the muscle cell through the sliding filament mechanism
      - Sarcomere: contractile unit of a muscle cell. Made up of two proteins called actin and myosin.
      - Sarcoplasm: cytoplasm of the muscle cell, has many mitochondria and more than one nucleus. Location of myofibrils
      - Muscle types
        
        Cardiac Muscle: Striated. Involuntary. Located in walls of the heart. Pumps blood
        
        Smooth Muscle: Non-striated. Involuntary. Located in the walls of organs. Helps movement of substances
        
        Skeletal Muscle: Striated. Voluntary. Located around bones. Creates motion, posture, and heat production
      - Sarcoplasmic Reticulum: Stores calcium
      - T-Tubules: fold in around the sarcolemma of each myofibril so that the charge can change everywhere to contract
    - - Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine
      - Cells: neurons
      - Ion Channels
        
        Voltage-Gated CA+
        
        Chemically-Gated NA+
        
        Voltage-Gated NA+
        
        Voltage-Gated K+
    - - No Summation: One slow firing presynaptic neuron that causes EPSPs far apart in time
      - Temporal Summation:One rapidly firing presynaptic neuron that causes EPSPs close in time
      - Spatial Summation: more than one presynaptic neuron fires at the same time. EPSPs are generated at different locations on the neuron.
    - - Excitatory: Neurotransmitters that open channels that depolarize the membrane. Include Voltage-Gated NA+ Channels.
      - Inhibitory: Neurotransmitters that open channels that hyperpolarize the membrane. Include Voltage-Gated K+ and Cl- Channels
    - - Spores enter the body through a deep cut with low oxygen to breed in. Create a toxin called tetanospasmin which travels to the spine and gets in the way of nerve signals from interneurons to motor neurons. This blocks the signals for relaxation of muscles, causing more muscle contractions.