muscular system
types of muscle tissue
body movment
sliding filament theory
cardiac
smooth
skeletal
cells are long, cylindrical, parallel, multinucleated
dorsiflexion
inversion
adduction
rotation
abduction
extension
pronation
supination
opposition
eversion
flexion
circumduction
plantar flexion
movement that decreases angle of joint
movement that increases angle of joint
movement of a bone around a longitudinal axis
movement of limb away from midline
movement of limb toward midline
proximal end of a limb is stationary & distal end moves in a circle
lifting superior surface of foot towards shin
pointing toes down
turn sole of foot medially
turn sole of foot laterally
forearm rotates laterally so palm faces anteriorly
forearm rotates medially so palm faces posteriorly
movement of thumb to touch tips of other fingers
hyperextension
extension beyond 180 degrees
- Calcium binds to actin myofilament, exposing he myosin binding site
- Nerve impulse or action potential travels down the sarcolemma & into T-tubules, causing sarcoplasmic reticulm to release calcium into sarcoplasm
- Myosin attaches to actin, forming actin/myosin crossbridges
- past action is repeated many times powered by ATP
- Myosin head moves toward M line of sarcomere, pulling actin filaments past myosin
- Z lines get closer together as actin & myosin filaments slide past each other , sacromeres shorten (H zone disappears), shortening the whole myofibril
attached by tendons to bones
voluntarily controlled
cells are long, cylindrical, branched, has single central nucleus
forms heart wall
joined to other cells
involuntary control
spindle-shaped cells
striated
striated
found mainly in hollow walls of organs & eyes
involuntary control
no striations
arm muscles
trunk muscles
head muscles
thigh and leg muscles
temporalis
frontalis
orbicularis oris
orbicularis oculi
masseter
buccinator
sternocleido mastoid
platysma
zygomaticus
rectus abdominis
external obliques
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
pectoralis major
erector spinae
quadricep group
gastrocnemius
adductor muscles
iliopsoas
sartorius
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorium longus
hamstring
soleus
gluteus maximus
flexor digitorium superficiali
flexor carpi ulnaris
tricep brachii
deltoid
extensor digitorium
bicep brachii
extensor digitorium
flexor carpi radialis
location: chest, neck, facial region
action: pulls corners of mouth inferiorly
location: forehead
action: raises eyebrows
location: mandible, sides of head
action: closes jaw
location: around eyes
action: blinks & closes eyes
location: around mouth
action: closes & protrudes lips
location: corner of lips
action: raises corner of mouth
location: mandible, cheek area
action: closes jaw
location: underlying the cheek
action: compresses cheek as in whistling & sucking: holds food between teeth during chewing
location: neck
action: flexes neck, rotates head
location: upper chest, sternum, clavicle, 1st-6th ribs
action: adducts & flexes humerus
location: base of skull to middle of back
action: extends neck & adducts scapula
location: abdominal region
action: flexes vertebral column
location: sides of abdomen
action: flexes & rotates vertebral column
location: middle back
action: extends & adducts humerus
location: sides of spinal column
action: extends spine/ back
location: front of upper arm between shoulder & elbow
action: flexes elbow & supinates forearm
location: back of humerus
action: extends elbow
location: top of shoulder
action: abducts arm
location: starting on lateral side of humerus to base of index finger
action: extends wrists & abducts hand
location: radius of arm, superior
action: flexes wrist & abducts hand
location: anterior compartment of forearm (top, back)
action: flexes wrists & fingers
location: ulnar side or forearm
action: flexes wrist & adducts hand
location: back side of forearm
action: extends fingers & wrist
location: inner hip
action: flexes hip
location: front of thigh
action: flexes thigh on hip
location: inner thigh
action: adduct thigh
location: front of thigh
action: all extend the knee, rectus femoris also flexes hip on thigh
location: buttocks
action: extends hip (when forceful extension is required)
location:back of thigh
action: flex knee & extend hip
location: front, bottom of leg (shin)
action: dorsiflexes & inverts foot
location: back of lower leg
action: plantar flexes foot & flexes knee
location: front bottom of leg, next to tibialis anterior muscle
action: extends toes & dorsiflexes foot
location: back of lower leg (calf)
action: plantar flexes foot