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Financing Land Empires after c.1450: (Russia (New industries (Private…
Financing Land Empires after c.1450:
Russia
New industries
Owned by state
Iron mines in Ural Mountains
Shipyards in St. Petersburg
Private Industries
Metallurgy
Woodwork
Gunpowder
Leather
Paper
Mining
Trade
Trade
Taxes became per person instead of on land
Ming Dynasty
Taxation
Tax Farming
Tax collection (grains, silver)
Responsibility of private citizens
Usually land taxes for wealthy families
Taxing goods
salt
wine
grains
Tributes
payment made periodically by one state or ruler to another
Collected from: Korea, Japan, and small local villages
Payments out of submission, respect, or fear
Ottoman Empire
Tax Farming
Funded powerful military
Levied taxes on peasants
Collected by local officials and private tax collectors far from central government
(allowed collectors to become wealthy and corrupt by taking cut of taxes)