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Muscular System - Thomas Cruz P.4 (Names of all Muscles (Rectus Femoris…
Muscular System - Thomas Cruz P.4
Major Functions of the Muscular System
Maintain posture and body position
skeletal muscles maintain body posture
Stabilize Joints
strengthen and stabilize the joints of the skeleton
Produce Movement
skeletal muscles are responsible for all locomotion and manipulation
Generate heat
muscles generate heat as they contract, maintain body temperature
Types of Muscle Tissue
Cardiac Muscle
occurs only in the heart, constitutes the bulk of the heart walls.
striated but not voluntary
Smooth Muscle
found in the walls of hollow visceral organs: the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory passages
forces fluids and other substances through internal body channels
forms valves to regulate the passage of substances thru internal body openings, dilates and constricts the pupils of your eyes
forms the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles
elongated cells, no striations
Skeletal Muscle
attach to and cover the skeleton
longest muscle cells and have striations
Names of all Muscles
Rectus Femoris
Thigh
Vastus Lateralis
Side Thigh
Gracilias
Inner Thigh
Vastus Medialis
Inner lower thigh
Adductor Longus
Inner, Upper Thigh
Fibulas Longus
Side calf
Iliapsoas
Inner Thigh
Extensor Digitorium Longus
Calf
Sartorious
muscle that extend through thigh
Extensor Digitorium
back arm
Flexor Capi Radials
inner forearm
Brachioradials
Forearms
External Oblique
sides of abdominal region
Rectus Abdominus
Stomach/Abs
Biceps Brachii
Biceps
Gastocnemus
Inner calf
Tibiulis Anterior
Frontal Calf
Teres Major
Lower Shoulder Blade
Extensor Carpi Radials
back arm/elbow
Bicep Femoris
Back thigh
Triceps Brachii
Triceps
Infraspinatus
Shoulder Blade
Serrates Anterior
side chest
Soleus
Inner Lower calf
pectoralis major
Pecs/chest
Semitendinosus
behind the knee
Deltoid
shoulder muscle
Latissimus Dorsi
Lower back
Sternocleidomastoid
side inner muscle on neck
Flexor Carpi Ulnaus
Side of arm
Trapezius
Neck to shoulder muscle
Body Movement Terminology
Abduction
Moving a limb away from the body midline in the frontal plane
Adduction
moving a limb toward the body midline in the frontal plane
Extension
increasing the angle between two bones in the sagittal plane
Circumduction
Moving a limb or finger so that it describes a cone in space
Flexion
decreasing the angle between two bones in the sagittal plane
Rotation
turning a bone around its longitudinal axis
Medial Rotation
rotating toward the median plane
Gliding
sliding the flat surfaces of two bones across each other
Lateral Rotation
rotating away from the median plane
Structural and Organizational levels of the skeletal muscle
Muscle Fiber
an elongated multinucleate cell
Myofibirl
rodlike contractile elements that occupy most of the muscle cell volume
composed of sarcomeres arranged end to end, appear banded, and bands of adjacent myofibrils are aligned
Fascicle
a discrete bundle of muscle cells, segregated from the rest of the muscle by a connective tissue sheath
Sarcomere
the contractile unit, composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins
Muscle
consists of hundreds to thousands of muscle cells, plus connective tissue wrappings, blood vessels, and nerve fibers
Myofilament
Thick Filaments
contain bundled myosin molecules
Thin Filaments
contain actin molecules
Elastic Filaments
provide elastic recoil when tension is released and help maintain myofilament organization
Physiology of Muscle Contraction
occurs simultaneously in sarcomeres throughout the cell, muscle cell shortens
I bands shorten
crossbridge attachments form and break several times during a contraction, acting like tiny ratches to generate tension and propel the thin filaments toward the center of the sarcomere
distance between successive Z discs shortens, as thin filaments slide centrally, the Z discs to which they attach are pulled toward the M line
myosin heads on the thick filaments latch onto myosin-binding sites on actin in the thin filaments, and the sliding begins
H zones disappear
Contigous A bands move closer together, but their length does not change
Disorders associated with the muscular system
Neuromuscular disorders
autoimmune diseases that cause the unknown
Muscular Dystrophy
forms start to swell and worsen as the muscles of the individual become weaker
Soft Tissue Sarcoma
soft tissue cancer, depends on the soft tissue that is infected and cause lumps or swelling in the soft tissue
Myositis
muscle inflammation and injuries, inflammation, or autoimmune disease