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B5: communicable diseases (keywords (communicable diseases= diseases that…
B5: communicable diseases
keywords
communicable diseases= diseases that can be passed from one organism to another
non-communicable diseases= diseases that cannot be passed from one organism to another
pathogens= microorganisms that cause disease
virus= pathogens that reproduce inside living cells of other organisms
bacteria= single celled prokaryotic organisms. a type of pathogen
fungus= resemble plant cells but without chloroplasts. can be pathogenic
protist= single celled organisms. can be pathogenic
vaccines= dead or inactive pathogenic material used in a vaccination to develop immunity to a disease in a healthy person
human defence response
skin= creates a barrier and produces antimicrobial secretions
nose= full of hairs and produces mucus, which trap pathogens
trachea and bronchi= secrete mucus and covered in cilia
stomach= produces acid
the immune system= destroys pathogens using white blood cells
phagocytosis= white blood cells ingest pathogen, destroying them
antibody production= target particular pathogens and destroy them
antitoxin production= counteract the toxins released by pathogens
viral diseases
measles= symptoms of fever and a red skin rash. can be fatal if complications arise. most young children are vaccinated. spread by inhalation of droplets of sneezes and coughs
HIV= initially cause a flu-like illness. virus attacks the body's immune cells. leads to AID's when the immune system becomes badly damaged. spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids
tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)= give a distinctive 'mosaic' pattern of discolouration on the leaves of plants which affects the growth of the plant due to the lack of photosynthesis
bacterial diseases
salmonella food poisoning= spread by bacteria in uncooked or contaminated food. causes fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea
gonorrhoea= an STD with symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain on urinating. spread by sexual contact
fungal diseases
rose black spot= purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early. affects the growth of the plant as photosynthesis is reduced
protist diseases
malaria= causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal. the malarial protists has a life cycle that includes mosquitos