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Muscular System (Structure & organizational levels of skeletal Muscle,…
Muscular System
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Muscle Tissues
Cardiac Muscle
Under involuntary control, found only in heart, pumps blood. Cells have intercalated disks, striated,one Nucleus per cell
Cardiac muscles look Y shaped then they split.
Smooth Muscle
Under Involuntary muscle, found in walls of hallow organs such as stomach, uterus, and blood vessels. ontracts to propel materials, no striations, one nucleus per cell, & spindle-sha[ped cells.
Skeletal Muscle
Under voluntary control, contracts to pull on bone. Muscle cells are striated,banding, has multiple nucleus,, Long & cylindrical
Muscles
Upper half of body
Pectoralis Major; location: mostly under the breast area; spans from sternum to humerus.function: pulls the arm forward and down
Deltoid; Location: Shoulder. Function: Abducts arm, injection site
Trapezius;location: large, diamond-shaped muscle of the upper back. function: pulls the head back (extension); moves and braces the shoulder
Serratus Anterior; location: on the side of the body under the armpit (axillary) area. function: stabilizes the shoulder and contributes to arm movements such as pushing
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rectus abdominis; Location: Ribs to pubis (pelvis). Function: Compresses abdomen and flexes vertebral column
tricep brachii; location: on the posterior side of the upper arm (humerus). function: extends the arm at the elbow joint
external oblique; location: lateral sides of the abdomen; angles down toward the center of the abdomen. function: acts the same as the rectus abdominis when both are contracted together; rotates trunk laterally
bicep brachii;location: on the anterior side of the arm (humerus). function: bends (flexes) the arm at the elbow joint
infraspinatus; Laterally rotates shoulder; stabilizes the head of the humerus in glenoid cavity; one of the "rotator cuff" muscles
teres major; location; Inferior angle of scapula. function: extends and medially rotates humerus; contributes to arm swinging
latissimus dorsi;location: large muscle of the middle back. function: pulls the arm back and down (adducts the arm)
flexor carpi ulnaris; location: medial epicondyle of humerus. function: Powerful wrist flexor; abducts hand
extensor carpi radialis; location: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerous. function: extends & abducts wrist
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Lower half of body
semitendinosus; location:On the back inner side of the thigh, attaches from the ischium to the tibia. function:Flexion of the lower leg,2nd muscle of the hamstring
semimembranosus; locationInner side of the thigh, attaches from the ischium to the tibia. function:Flexion of the lower leg
bicep femoris; location:Back of the thigh, attaches from the ischium and femur to the fibula and tibia. function:Flexion of the lower leg
tibialis anterior; location: Front side of the shin, attaches from the tibia to the tarsals/metatarsals. function:Dorsiflexion of the foot and inversion of the foot
vastus medialis; location:Inner side of the femur to the tibia. function: Extension of the lower leg
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vastus lateralis; location: Outer side of the femur to the tibia. function:Extension of the lower leg
gastrocnemius; location:Attaches from two sides of the femur to the heel. function: Plantar flexion of the foot,Two parts of the Triceps Surae
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soleus; location: Attaches from the tibia/fibula to the heel. function: Plantar flexion of the foot.Third part of the Triceps Surae
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sartorius; location: long, belt-shaped muscle that runs diagonally across the thigh from hip to inside of the knee area. function: bends the thigh at the hip; bends the lower leg at the knee; rotates the thigh outward
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Sliding Filament Theory
Process of muscle contraction involving the sliding of actin & myosin myofilaments past each other to shorten the length of each sacromere.
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