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Ancient Greece (EARLIEST GREEKS / BRONZE AGES (DARK AGES (ARCHAIC PERIOD,…

- - - - Dorians only spoke greek dialets, and weren't sophisticated as the Athens so they had no writing skills, and because of this disabilty, people could record their transactions causing disorder and the collapse of their civilization.
    - - Time of Progress - population growth and higher standard of living.
        
        Method of governing areas change from tribal or clan control to more formal governments → city states (polis).
        
        Brought writing back to the culture, reorganization of transactions.
        
        Phoenicians influenced and were the major traders of alphabet.
        
        TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
        
        Monarchy - rule by a king.
        
        Aristocracy - rule by nobility.
        
        Oligarchy - rule by group of rich people.
        
        Democracy - rule by citizens.
        
        The higher you are in the social piramid closer you are the heaven and to the gods.
      - CLASSICAL PERIOD
        
        The classical period was a period of war and conflict, first between the Greeks and the Persians, then between the Athenians and the Spartans, but it was also an era of political and cultural achievement.
        
        Persian War - comanded by Athens and Sparta, the Greek city states were engaged in a great war with the Persian Empire at the beginning of the 5th century, Greek forces sacked the Persian city of Sardis. In 490 B.C., the Persian king sent a ship expedition across the Aegean to attack Athenian troops in the Battle of Marathon. Athenians surprisely won the battle there, but Persians did not give up, the Persian king sent a army across the Hellespont to Thermopylae, where 60,000 Persian troops defeated 5,000 Greeks in the Battle of Thermopylae, where King Leonidas of Sparta was killed. The year after that, however, the Greeks defeated the Persians for good at the Battle of Salamis.
        
        Peloponnesian War - Athenian imperialism had alienated its partners in the Delian League, particularly Sparta, and this conflict played out during (431 - 404). This ended with the Spartan victory, and the defeat of Athens, the Athenian empire came into a disorder, and this disorder helped the Macedonian kings conquer Greece, ending the classical period.
        
        HELLENISTIC PERIOD
        
        Hellenistic Period is characterized by a division and a split from Alexander's former empire, with endless wars between the Diadochi and their successors. The Hellenistic kingdoms weakened themselves and gradually created space for competing kingdoms. At the same time, Roman power was in exponential expansion, annihilating other political presences. At the end of the Hellenistic Period the young Roman empire had almost reached its maximum expansion, from Lusitania to Syria and from South-Britain to Egypt.
        
        Conquered area