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Learning Theories (Social Learning Theory (Associated Theorists: Albert…
Learning Theories
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View of Knowledge: Social Learning Theorists employ the same major tenets as behaviorists. In other words, they don't differentiate between knowledge and behavior. However, theorists recognize internal mental processing as influencing behavior unlike behaviorists.
View of Learning:In a nutshell, social learning theorists believe that we learn from others through observation and modeling.
How does the Social Learning Theory Inform Instruction? Social Learning Theorists posit that learners first pay attention to a model that they find attractive. The learner then repeats the behaviors they see modeled. Social Learning Theory informs my instruction by encouraging me to involve students in modeling acceptable work. In other words, whenever I assign a project or a paper I create a model but I also try to utilize a model from a successful student.
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View of Knowledge: Knowledge is constructed through personal experiences as well as through testing of hypotheses.
View of Learning: Learning is perceived as an active, ongoing, and ever changing process where knowledge is constructed through inquiry.
How does Constructivism Inform Instruction? One of the underlying principles guiding constructivism is that knowledge must be constructed instead of reproduced. I strive to make this idea a reality in my classroom through using Socratic questioning techniques instead of simply "giving" students information.
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View of Knowledge: Knowledge is a mental capacity. Knowledge exists in our minds as we think, process, forget and remember information, and acquire and use different forms of communication. Knowledge is the ends of learning.
View of Learning: Schemata, or unique knowledge structures, influence how new knowledge will be learned and understood. Students must relate new ideas to prior knowledge and apply it to new tasks in order to completely learn something. Lastly, new learning experiences change our schemata, or learning structures.
How does Cognitivism Inform Instruction? According to Cognitivists, the more deeply learners engage with information, the more likely they are to remember and understand it. I use this principle to inform my 7th and 8th Grade literacy instruction. For every lesson in every unit I strive to ensure that higher-order questions are a part of the instruction. The more students think, the more they will learn and know!
Associated Theorists: B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and E.L. Thorndike
View of Knowledge: Generally, behaviorists avoid dealing with constructs such as knowledge. They are focused on measurable behaviors.
View of Learning: Desirable behaviors are maintained and undesirable behaviors are eliminated by changing conditions in the learner's environment (i.e. classical conditioning).
How does Behaviorism Inform Instruction? Thinking through the lens of behaviorism is particularly useful when thinking about classroom management. Behaviorists posit that continuous reinforcement is more likely to reinforce positive behaviors than intermittent reinforcement. In my 7th and 8th Grade Classrooms, students who exhibit appropriate behaviors continuously receive "cat cash," which they can later use to purchase privileges, snacks, and free time.