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B1: cell structure and transport (keywords (cell= the unit of a living…
B1: cell structure and transport
keywords
cell= the unit of a living organism
eukaryotic cell= animal, plant and fungus cells. Their DNA is not confined to a nucleus
prokaryotic cell= bacterium cell. their DNA is not confined to a nucleus
diffusion= the spreading of particles from area of high to low concentration
osmosis = the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from an area of high to low concentration of water
active transport= the movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution. requires energy
partially permeable membrane= a membrane that only allows certain substances to go through
factors affecting the rate of diffusion
higher concentration gradient
higher temperature
large surface area of the membrane
exchanging materials
larger surface area= fast rate of diffusion
thin= short distance diffusion
good blood supply= maintains concentration gradient
unit conversions
1km = 1000m
1m = 100cm
1cm= 10mm
1mm= 1000um
1um= 1000nm
magnification = size of image / size of real object
osmosis
if the concentration of solutes in the same solution outside the cell is the same as the internal concentration, the solution is isotonic to the cell
if the concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is higher than the internal concentration, the solution is hypertonic to the cell
if the concentration of solutes in the solution outside the cell is lower than the internal concentration, the solution is hypotonic to the cell