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Body Functions A+P ch.5 lecture 3 (urine color (normally straw-amber color…
Body Functions A+P ch.5 lecture 3
electrolytes
important for balancing fluids in your body, maintaining PH, and carrying electrical signal from nerves to muscles.
calcium
normal values: 4.5-5.4 mEQ/L
increased-hyperparathyroidism, malignant tumors, diuretic therapy, diaereses
decrease-hypothyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, diuretic therapy
potassium
normal values: 3.8-5.0 mEQ/L
decreased-diuretic therapy, diarrhea, endocrine disorder, chronic stress
increased-muscle tissue damage, renal failure
chloride
normal values: 95-103 mEQ/L
decreased- excessive vomiting
increased calcium-renal tubular acidosis
sodium
normal values: 136-142 mEQ/L
decreased-excessive water intake, loss of GI secretions, excessive sweating, burns
increased-dehydration
enzymes
complex proteins that facilitate chemical changes
released in bloodstream following cell injury or death
urine testing
Dipsticks
: have different areas that are impregnated with different reactive chemicals
specific gravity
: kidney's ability to concentrate urine. Compares weight of urine to weight of distilled water.
concentration
: measures ability of kidneys to concentrate urine liquid is withheld from patient for several hours.
urine color
normally straw-amber color
black: lysol poisoning; alkaptonuria
brown: Addison's disease, drug, melonotic tumor, bilirubin, rhubarb ingestion
clear/nearly clear: use of alcohol or other diuretic substances, large fluid intake, diabetes inspudis, chronic interstitial nephritis
orange:concentrated urine, decrease, fluid intake, excessive sweating, drugs
red: blood/hemoglobin, beets, drugs
urine PH
controlled by kidneys to maintain homeostatic PH in body
normal value: 4.6-8
urine odor
ammonia scent:stale urine with bacterial activity
sweet smell: diabetic ketosis
maple syrup scent: metabolic disorder
urine turbidity
: measures how cloudy urine is
urine sugar
: untreated diabetes mellitus
urine protein
: renal disease
urine ketone bodies(acetone)
: released by metabolism of fat and fatty acids, takes place when body runs out of carbohydrates to burn
urine bacteria:
Urinary Tract Infection