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Electronic Structures of Atoms (Electromagnetic Radiation & Energy…

- - - - orbitals (s,p,d,f)
- - - - main energy level (1,2,3,4)
      - equal to no. of subshells
    - - shape of orbitals (o to n-1)
      - s (0), p (1), d (2), f (3)
    - - no. of possibles ml values = 2l +1
      - -l to +l
- - - - wave speed
      - height (amplitude)
      - length (wavelength)
      - number of wave peak that pass in the given time (frequency)
  - - - electromagnetic radiation was composed of particles called photons.
      - Photons are particles of light energy
- - - - DOWN THE GROUP : atom has same valence electron,thus they have similar physical properties
        ACROSS PERIOD: valence electron increses by one,thus physical properties are not same and have variety
    - - --have 8 valence electrons
        -except He has 2 valence electron
        -non-reactive elements because they are really stable(He and Ne are practically inert)
        
        -the elements tend to share,gain and lose electron to achieve stable octet
        -metal form cation by losing electron
        -non-metal from anion form by gaining electron
        -non-metal also tend to share electron with other non-metal
    - - METAL
        1.malleable and ductile(solid)
        2.shiny,lustrous and reflect light (solid)
        3.conduct heat and electricity
        4.most oxides basic and ionic
        5.form cation in solutions
        6.oxidized in reaction (lose electrons)
      - NON-METAL
        1.brittle in solid state
        2.solid surface is dull,non reflective
        3.electrical and thermal insulators
        4most oxides are acidic and molecular
        5.form anions ans polyatomic anions
        6.reduced in reactions (gain electron)
      - TRENDS IN METALLIC CHARACTER[ Across period,elements become less metallic]
        [Down the group,elements become more metallic]
        TRENDS IN METALLIC BEHAVIOUR [decrease across period,increase down the group]
      - MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF TRANSITION METALS IONS
        ~one or more unpaired electrons exhibits PARAMAGNETISM-attracted by a magnetic field
        ~all its electrons paired exhibits DIAMAGNETISM-not attracted by magnetic field (slightly repelled)