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Ultranationalism (how it develops (factors helping cement or develop…

- - - - when people don't trust/like the government
        
        examples
        
        Germany
        
        German government is blamed for signing treaty of Versailles
        
        Hitler argues he can fix Versailles, stop the communists, and make government work
        
        afraid of communist takeover
        
        Weimar government is having a hard time to make decisisions
        
        USSR
        
        Lenin (old leader) dies. Power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin. Stalin wins.
        
        Italy
        
        People are upset at government for not getting land in the Treaty of Versailles
        
        Mussolini gets chosen to 'fix' government
        
        government is not working very well
    - - blaming other people for the problems in your country
        
        examples
        
        Germany
        
        blames the Jews for WW1, Treaty of Versailles, Great Depression
        
        blame communists --> used as excuse to take away rights
        
        USSR
        
        blame landowners and rich people for the problems
        
        it makes it easier to discriminate against another nation because if you 'get rid' of the other group, the leader argues you can 'fix' the problem
        
        believe in conspiracy theories about the scapegoated groups
    - - a big problem in your country's finances, jobs...etc
        
        examples
        
        Germany
        
        After WW1 - war reparation payments, Germany prints too much money, causes hyperinflation
        
        The Great Depression
        
        starts in United States, when the economy grew too fast in 1920s. Bubble bursts, stock markets crashes (black tuesday), Banks fail, people lose everything, millions unemployed in united states
        
        United States has been lending money to Europe. When us economy fails, Europe is affected. Especially Germany. Many Germans are out of work.
        
        1 more item...
        
        USSR
        
        don't have industry/factories, farms aren't working very well
        
        leader Stalin uses this to justify the extreme way he treats the landowners in seizing their land
    - - somebody who speaks well, can convince people of things
        
        very convincing of large groups of people
        
        bandwagon affect - 'if everyone else is doing it, you should to'
        
        make use of symbols, slogans
        
        use extreme language that creates emotion
  - - - using media to shape what people think
        
        books, tv, newspapers, posters, radio
    - - shaping what people learn (especially kids) from only one perspective --> kids are easier to convince of extreme ideas
        
        change textbooks
        
        teachers would be watched to make sure they are teaching ultra nationalist ideas
      - youth clubs
    - - taking away peoples rights (no freedom of association, no freedom of speech, no freedom of movement)
        
        use of fear and terror
        
        create secret police
        
        courts do only what government/leader wants (not independent)
    - - getting rid of ideas you don't like
        
        book burnings
      - take away freedom of the press (newspapers couldn't say things government didn't like
    - - affect how people vote
        
        ban political party
        
        track how people vote
        
        examples
        
        Germany - ban communist party, track people who vote for other parties
        
        USSR - in Soviet Union, only one party to vote for
        
        in Italy, created a rule, that the party with most votes would automatically get 67% of seats