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The Muscular System (muscles of thigh and leg (iliopsoas- found in llium…
The Muscular System
muscles of thigh and leg
iliopsoas- found in llium and lumbar vertebrae, and is used to flex hip.
adductor muscles- found in pelvis area, and is used to adduct thigh.
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tibialis anterior- found in proximal tibia, and is used to dorsiflexes and inverts foot.
extensor digitorium longus- found in the proximal tibia and radius. used to extend toes and dorsiflex foot.
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quadracep group- found in vasti: femur and is used to extend knee; rectus femoris also flex hip on thigh.
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muscles of the face
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orbicularis oculi- found in the frontal bone and maxilla, and helps blink and close eyes.
zygomaticus- found in the zygomatic bone, and helps raises the corner of the mouth.
buccinator- found in the maxilla and mandible near the molars, and is used to compress the cheeks and hold food.
platysma- found in the connective tissue covering of superior chest muscles, and helps pulls corners of mouth.
temporalis- found in the temporal bone, and is used to close the jaw.
orbicularis oris- found in the mandible and maxilla, and helps close and protrude lips.
masseter- found in the temporal bone, and is used to close jaw.
sternocleidomastoid- found in the sternum and clavicle, and helps flexes the neck and rotates head.
muscles of arm
bicep brachii- found in the scapula of shoulder girdle, and flexes the elbow and supinates forearm.
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flexor digitorium superficiali- found in the distal humerus, ulna, and radius. used to flex wrists and fingers.
extensor digitorium- distal humerus, and is used to extend fingers and wrist.
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flexor carpi radialis- found in distal humerus, and is used to flex wrist and abducts hand.
flexor carpi ulnaris- found in distal humerus and posterior ulna. used to flex wrist and adducts hand.
extensor carpi radialis- found in humerus, and used to extend wrists and abducts hand.
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muscles of the trunk
pectoralis major- found in the sternum, clavicle, and first to sixth ribs. it adducts and flexes the humerus.
rectus abdominis- found in the pubis area, and is used to flex the vertebral column.
latissimus dorsi- found in the lower spine and iliac crest. it is used to extend and adducts the humerus.
trapezius- found in occipital bone, all cervical and thoracic vertebrae. is used to extend neck and adduct scapula.
external obliques- found in the lower eight ribs, and is used to flex and rotate vertebral column.
erector spinae- found in the lliac crests, ribs 3-12, and vertebrae. is used to extend back.
muscle fibers
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sarcoplasmic reticulum- specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum storage and release calcium when muscle contracts
transverse tubules- in foldings of sarcolemma that penetrate into muscle fiber; filled with extracellular fluid
skeletal muscle
cells are long, cylindrical, parallel, and multi nucleated. they are attached by tendons to bones. are both striated and voluntary.
cardiac muscle
cells are long, cylindrical, branched, and has a single central nucleus. it has striations, forms the heart wall, and is involuntary.
smooth muscle
spindle-shaped cells with single central nucleus. has no striations but is involuntary. is found mainly in hollow walls of organs and eyes.