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Endocrine Organs and Organs with Endocrine Cells (Hypothalamus…
Endocrine Organs and Organs with Endocrine Cells
Anterior Pituitary
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
Thyroid gland
regulates secretion of thyroid hormone
Prolactin
Mammary gland
In females: Regulates mammary gland growth and breast milk production
Testes
In Males: Influences sensitivity of interstital cells and testosterone secretion
Gonadotropins
Gonads
Production and maturation of gametes
Corticotropin
Adrenal complex
Produces and secretes its own hormones
Somatotropin
Liver
Produces insulin growth factor 1 & 2
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Skin
Stimulates rate of melanin synthesis
Posterior Pituitary
Vasopressin
Kidney
Raises blood pressure. Stimulates reabsorption of water from tubular fluid
Oxytocin
Uterus & Mammary Glands
In Female: Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in uterine wall and stimulates milke ejection from mammary glands.
Smooth muscle of reproductive tract
In Males: Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in reproductive tract.
Thyroid Gland
Thyroid Hormone
Most body cells
Increases metabolism, oxygen use, growth, and energy use
Calcitonin
Bone and Kidney
Reduces calcium levels in body fluids and decreases bone reabsorption by osteoclasts
Parathyroid Gland
Parathyroid Hormone
Bone, small intestine, and kidney
Increases calcium absorption in bone through blood resorption. Decreases calcium loss through kidneys
Adrenal Cortex
Mineralocorticoids
Kidney cells
Regulate electrolyte composition & concentration in body fluids
Glucocorticoids
Liver cells
Stimulate lipid and protein metabolism. Regulate blood glucose levels
Gonadocorticoids
Sex organs
Protein synthesis in sex organ cells
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
Various cells throughout body
Work with the sympathetic division of the ANS to stimulate flight-or-flight
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine & norepinephrine
Various cells throughout body
Work with the sympathetic division of the ANS to stimulate fight-or-flight
Pineal Gland
Melatonin
Hypothalamus
Causes drowsiness
Thymus
Thymopoietin & thymosins
Thymus gland
Stimulate & promote the differentiation, growth, and maturation of T-lymphocytes
Pancreas
Glucagon
Liver & adipose cells
Increases blood glucose levels and lipid breakdown in adipose cells
Insulin
Liver & body cells
Decrease glucose levels in body fluids and glucose transport into target cells
Somatostatin
Alpha & beta cells of pancreatic islets
Suppresses somatostatin secretion from delta cells
Pancreatic polypeptide
Delta cells of pancreatic islets
Suppresses somatostatin secretion from delta cells
Hypothalamus
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone
Corticotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Increases secretion of ACTH
Gonadotropin-Releasing hormone
Gonadotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Increases secretion of FSH & LH
Somatocrin
Somatotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Increases secretion of GH
Prolactiin-Releasing hormone
Mammotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Increases secretion of prolactin
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
Thyrotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Increases secretion of TSH
Somatostatin
Somatotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Decreases secretion of GH
Dopamine
Mammotropic cells in pars distalis of anterior pituitary
Decreases secretion of PRL
Kidney
Calcitriol
Intestinal cells
Promotes calcium absorption in small intestine
Erythropoietin
Bone marrow
Stimulates erythrocyte production & maturation
GI Tract
Various hormones related to digestion
Various targets such as liver and gallbladder
Controls overall secretory activity & motility in GI tract
Ovaries
Estrogen
Reproductive system
Stimulates development of female reproductive organs. Regulates menstrual cycle
Progesterone
Uterus
Regulates menstrual cycle, stimulates growth of uterine lining and mammary glands.
Inhibin
Gonadotroph cells
Inhibits secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone
Testes
Androgens
Gonads
Stimulates male reproductive organ development and production of sperm
Inhibin
Gonadotroph cells
Inhibits secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone