Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

201911 自我決定理論 Self-Determination Theory (4 (結論 (外在動機行為變得更加自決的過程 the…

- - - - 分類
        
        內在動機
        
        intrinsic motivation
        
        反映了人類自然學習和吸收的傾向 reflecting the natural human propensity to learn and assimilate.
        
        是指做某事，因為它本質上是有趣的或令人愉快的 which refers to doing something because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable
        
        外在動機
        
        extrinsic motivation
        
        反映外部控製或真正的自我調節 reflect external control or true self-regulation.
        
        是指做某事是因為它導致可分離的結果。 which refers to doing something because it leads to a separable outcome.
        
        根據引起行動的不同原因或目標來區分不同類型的動機 distinguish between different types of motivation based on the different reasons or goals that give rise to an action.
    - - 這兩種動機與人類基本的自治，能力和相關性需求之間的關係 The relations of both classes of motives to basic human needs for autonomy, competence and relatedness are discussed.
    - - motivated
        
        朝著某個方向充滿活力或被激活的人 someone who is energized or activated toward an end
    - - 不同的動機與數量
        
        動機水平（即多少動機）
        
        level of motivation (i.e., how much motivation)
        
        動機的方向（即什麼類型的動機）
        
        the orientation of that motivation (i.e., what type of motivation).
        
        動機取向與引起行動的潛在態度和目標有關，也就是說，與行動的原因有關。 Orientation of motivation concerns the underlying attitudes and goals that give rise to action—that is, it concerns the why of actions.
        
        例子
        
        好奇或興趣
        
        潛在用途與價值
        
        想得到老師/父母認可
- - - - 為一項活動的內在滿足而不是出於某些可分離的結果而進行的活動 is defined as the doing of an activity for its inherent satisfactions rather than for some separable consequence.
      - 操作型定義
        
        “自由選擇”測度
        
        ‘‘free choice’’ measure
        
        內在動機的行為測度 ehavioral measure of intrinsic motivation
        
        假定，如果沒有外部原因來完成任務（例如，沒有獎勵並且沒有批准），則時間越長他們花在目標任務上的動機越強，他們就越傾向於目標任務。 it is assumed that, if there is no extrinsic reason to do the task (e.g., no reward and no approval), then the more time they spend with the target task, the more intrinsically motivated they are for that task.
        
        使用興趣的自我報告和活動本身的享受
        
        use of self-reports of interest and enjoyment of the activity per se.
        
        特定任務的措施 rely on task-specific measures
    - - a person is moved to act for the fun or challenge entailed
    - - 存在於個體之內 exists within individuals
        
        CD3、CD8
      - 存在於個體與活動之間的關係中 exists in the relation between individuals and activities
        
        CD1、CD5
      - 存在於人與任務之間的關係中 exists in the nexus between a person and a task
    - - 1
        
        內在動機行為可以滿足哪些基本需求? what basic needs are satisfied by intrinsically motivated behaviors.
      - 2
        
        哪些任務特徵使一項活動變得有趣。 what task characteristics make an activity interesting.
      - 3
        
        集中在心理需求上，即對能力，自主性和親和力的天生需求 Our own approach focuses primarily on psychological needs—namely, the innate needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness
    - - 1
        
        操作理論
        
        operant theory
        
        堅持認為所有行為都是由獎勵（即諸如食物或金錢之類的可分離結果）激勵的，所以說內在動機的活動被認為是獎勵本身就是活動。 all behaviors are motivated by rewards (i.e., by separable consequence such as food or money), intrinsically motivated activities were said to be ones for which the reward was in the activity itself.
      - 2
        
        學習理論
        
        learning theory
        
        所有行為都是由生理驅動力（及其衍生物）引起的，滿足內在的心理需求。 all behaviors are motivated by physiological drives (and their derivatives), that provided satisfaction of innate psychological needs.
      - 3
        
        認知評估理論（CET）
        
        Cognitive Evaluation Theory
        
        明確社會情境中導致內在動機變化的因素 specify the factors in social contexts that produce variability in intrinsic motivation.
        
        認為在行動過程中有助於勝任感覺的人際事件和結構（例如，獎勵，溝通，反饋）可以增強該行動的內在動力 interpersonal events and structures (e.g., rewards, communications, feedback) that conduce toward feelings of competence during action can enhance intrinsic motivation
        
        勝任感不會增強內在動機，除非它們伴隨著一種自治感，或者以一種歸因的方式，伴隨著一種內部感知的因果關係。 feelings of competence will not enhance intrinsic motivation unless they are accompanied by a sense of autonomy or, in attributional terms, by an internal perceived locus of causality
        
        *人們不僅必須經歷感知的能力（或自我效能感），而且還必須經歷自己的行為才能自我決定（如果要保持或增強內在動力）。 people must not only experience perceived competence (or self-efficacy), they must also experience their behavior to be self-determined if intrinsic motivation is to be maintained or enhanced.
        
        對於高水平的內在動力，人們必須經歷對能力和自主性需求的滿足。 for a high level of intrinsic motivation people must experience satisfaction of the needs both for competence and autonomy.
        
        整合對獎勵，反饋和其他外部事件對內在動機的影響 integrate a set of results from initial studies of the effects of rewards, feedback, and other external events on intrinsic motivation.
    - - 1
        
        任務屬性 task properties
      - 2
        
        潛在的內在興趣 potential intrinsic interest
      - 3
        
        在引發，維持和增強這種特殊類型動機(固有的動機傾向)的條件 elicit, sustain, and enhance this special type of motivation
- - - - 一種為了完成某些可分離的結果而進行的活動 pertains whenever an activity is done in order to attain some separable outcome.
- - - - 對自願和伴隨自由和自治經驗的行為（源自人的自我意識的行為）和伴隨壓力和壓力經歷的行為進行批判的區分 make the critical distinction between behaviors that are volitional and accompanied by the experience of freedom and autonomy—those that emanate from one’s sense of self—and those that are accompanied by the experience of pressure and control
    - - 內部化 Internalization
      - 整合 integration
  - - - 內在動機
        
        內在的動機可以帶來高質量的學習和創造力 intrinsic motivation results in high-quality learning and creativity
      - 外在動機
        
        表現出怨恨，抵制和不感興趣 with resentment, resistance, and disinterest
        
        以願意的態度反映出對任務的價值或效用的內在接受 with an attitude of willingness that reflects an inner acceptance of the value or utility of a task.
        
        避免制裁 --需要個人認可和選擇感 in order to attain the separable outcome of avoiding sanctions. --personal endorsement and a feeling of choice
        
        工具價值，所選職業很有價值--遵守外部控制 doing it for its instrumental value . valuable for her chosen career -- compliance with an external control.
      - 教育工作者希望學生執行的許多任務本來就不是有趣或令人愉悅的事情 many of the tasks that educators want their students to perform are not inherently interesting or enjoyable,
      - 關鍵
        
        如何引導學生內在地追求外在目標的責任和價值感 lead students to internalize the responsibility and sense of value for extrinsic goals
      - CTE
        
        教室和家庭環境可以通過支持與阻礙自主性和能力的需求來促進或阻止內在動力 classroom and home environments can facilitate or forestall intrinsic motivation by supporting versus thwarting the needs for autonomy and competence.
- - - - 根據促進和破壞內在動機的社會和環境因素來構建的。 Self-Determination Theory is specifically framed in terms of social and environmental factors that facilitate versus undermine intrinsic motivation.
      - 假設
        
        當個體處於有助於其表達的條件下時，其固有的動機即一種固有的機體傾向就會被催化（而不是引起）。 intrinsic motivation, being an inherent organismic propensity, is catalyzed (rather than caused) when individuals are in conditions that conduce toward its expression.