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civics and citizenship (the six key concepts (democratic values the…

- - - - preparation for a bill
        
        first reading
        the member of parliament who is introducing the bill to the other members will give a draft to them, where only the title is read giving the other members of parliament a chance to read it themselves n
        
        second reading
        the same member of parliament who introduced the bill explains why he did so. while the other members ask questions, make suggestions or make changes and consider whether that bill is that right way to deal with a problem. this debate can get intense which eventually ends in the members voting against or for the bill
        
        third reading
        after more time of consideration of the details and changes to the bill. the house of representatives will vote on the bill, if the majority pass the bill, it will to the senate
        
        senate
        the bill will go through the three reading stages being passed to and from the upper and lower houses until both agree on the bill or until the senate rejects it completely
        
        the governor general
        the queen's representative will approve the law by giving the bill royal decent
    - - refers to the group of laws and is considered a law if you break any of those laws
      - criminal law can be divided into two categories
        
        serious offences: known as indictment offences, meaning they must go to trial in a court and punished more severely, whether with jail time, a good behavior bond or public service
        
        simple offences: less serious offences and are usually dealt with quickly by the police or court
      - going to court
        the one being accused is called the defendant, the person or party to trying to prove the defendant guilty is refered to as the prosecution.
        at the begining of the court hearing the defendant will plead guilty or non-guilty and the judge has to determine whether the defendant had a guilty act and guilty mind
    - - civil law protects individuals and deals with disputes between individuals over an action that resulted in loss or harm. civil law aims to right the wrongs, done by compensating or paying for the victim's loss
      - if an individual has their rights infringed and suffer or is harmed as a result that individual can sue the other person or party for damages
      - for example we have the right to others to be careful with what matters to us
      - a civil remedies usually takes a form of money to fix the damages
      - unlike criminal law, the aim is not to punish the one in the wrong by any more than is needed to repair the damages done to the victim
    - - customary law of indigenous Australians varied between nations and language groups just like their languages and customs. Customary law can be refered to as an established law of behavior and can be objectively verified with a particular social setting
      - the dreaming:
        dreaming is at the center of many Aboriginals people's beliefs and cultures which laid down rules for people to live by. including social and moral order that allowed people to live together peacefully
      - the customary laws were passed on by generation to generation by the word of mouth rather than written
      - the idea of land ownership is also different. the government thinks that they own the land while indigenous australians think that they belong to the land
- - - - freedom of speech allows a person to actively participate in Australian's democracy by voting their opinions. within bounds of the law
      - due to this citisens can explore new ways of thinking and make changes that benefit our society. the Australian constitution does not protect freedom of speech, rather is is a privilege encouraged by the culture of our society
      - bounds of law:
        criminal law - it could be considered a crime in some cases if it encourages violence, terrorism to harm to other
        anti discrimination law- it is illegal to spread information or express opinions that are offensive to a race, gender, age, disability or religion
        media, broadcasting and telecommunication law - australian media must obey classification law, preventing obscene content with no warning reaching an inappropriate audience
        information laws- for example reporters are not allowed to publish private information without permission
    - - bounds of the law:
        criminal law- police can restrict criminal or terrorist organisation from gathering
        public assembly law- some states are allowed to stop gathering to stop a riot
      - allows people to meet in groups for social, political purposes, they can express their opinions in a protest as long as it does not go violent or break laws such as trespassing, an important part of democracy because it allows people us to influence political outcomes
    - - bounds of the law
        
        public assembly law- some states are allowed to stop gathering to stop a riot
        
        criminal law- police can restrict criminal or terrorist organisation from gathering
      - people in australia are able to join any group or organisation that they wish to, as long as it's legal. like a political party, social group or workers union with being prosecuted
    - - australians are free to practice their many different faiths, or have have no religion at all. although the rules of a religion cant over ride australian law
      - freedom of religion is the only law protected by the constitution
      - bounds of the law:
        criminal law- to stop people form encouraging or activating terrorism the criminal code can interfere with religion
    - - refers to a citizen's right to freely move between states or regions within their own country
      - also refers to the right to leave or reenter your country without interference from the government
      - bounds of the law:
        criminal law: person who is accused cant leave the country while waiting for his or her trial
        terrorism law: restricts Australians from going over seas to fight in a terrorist organisation and restricts their re-entry back in the country
        customs and border protection law: to prevent any dioceses coming from foreign countries coming to Australia, a person may be detained or quarantined
- - - - mateship refers to the strong relationship between mates or friends, which is based on loyalty, support and the ability to reley on each other
      - a part of the Australian national identity is the Anzac legend which began on the 25 April 1915 during world war 1 battle of Gallipoli
    - - federated country since 1901, since then there's been a lot of changes, today, Australia is made up of many diverse people, cultures and beliefs. A diverse range of societies has given Australia a sence of culture diversity
  - - - types of values
        
        freedom
        being able to make our own decisions without being controlled choices like where we live or what jobs we want however this freedom is not protected by the law and we are not completely free to do what we want
        
        equality
        when we treat everyone the same, making sure no one is discriminated, giving everyone an equal opportunity to succeed is held dear by many Australians
        
        a fair go
        means that everyone deserves a fair chance to succeed, apples to access to education, healthcare and the opportunity to work and earn a sufficient living regardless gender, race or socioeconomic status
        
        compassion
        a human response to suffering of others that makes us want to help or relieve that suffering. Some Australians feel its their responsibility to help others less fortunate and pressure the government to help. different levels of compassion and will to act have sparked great debate over what Australia's responsibility in the global community.
        
        inclusion
        it is important to celebrate our differences and include all kinds of people in society. no matter their appearance or how they choose to live. by including everyone we are able to live in harmony together rather than in conflict
        
        responsibility
        meaning that we must take ownership of our decisions and ensure others do not suffer as a result of our actions, the legal system is one way in which people are made to act responsibly. we must consider the effects our decisions have on others