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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Upstream causes (Malfunction of motor…
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Upstream causes
Malfunction of motor neurons cause ALS
which are nerve cells that control muscle movement.
age 40 to 70 most likely to get ALS
family history(ALS can be inherited)
smoking
42%-44% more likely to develop ALS with current smoking or being a former smoker.
Military service
exposure to certain metal or chemicals
traumatic injuries
viral infections
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Downstream causes
Breathing problems
ALS paralyzes the muscles you use to breathe
oxygen therapy
inhaled medication
Speaking problems
eating problems
malnutrition
high risk of getting food, liquids, saliva into lungs
high protein diet can help
trouble speaking and mild slurring of words
speech therapy
Physiology
Cerebrum
sulci
small indentations in the surface of the cerebrum
central sulcus
cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates
Gyri
raised bumps on the surface
post central gyrus
location of primary motor area of brain
regulates many of the body's motor functions
precentral gyrus
location of the primary sensory area
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Anatomy
spinal cord
arachnoid mater
cauda equina
central canal
cervical enlargement
conus medullaris
dorsal grey horn
dorsal root
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bed sores
left in poor hygiene
antibiotics
dementia
behavioral impairment
occupational therapy
lung failure
impairment of respiratory muscles
can be treated depending on severity
can be treated by removing carbon dioxide from the lungs
weight loss
caused by poor appetite and depression
add protein to your diet
pneumonia
problems with memory and decision making
antibiotics
cough medicine
excessive emotions
pride
jealousy
embarassment
antidepressants
psychotherapy
electroconvulsive therapy
thinking problems
affects memory
psychotherapy
Longitudinal fissure
seperates the two hemispheres of the vertebrae brain
occipital lobe
visual information and visual memories
parietal lobe
general sensory functions
frontal lobe
motor functions.concentration
decision making
planning
personality
temporal lobe
hearing and smell
insula
memory
interpretation of taste
central canal
CSF
dorsal gray horn
sensory neurons
dorsal horn
sensory neuron
dorsal root ganglion
Interneurons
lateral gray horn
autonomic motor neurons
ventral gray horn
motor neurons
ventral root
motor neurons
Ascending tract
sensory tract that has receptors through the body that collect information
1st order neuron- bring info to spinal cord
2nd order neuron- interneuron in the dorsal horn of spinal cord
3rd order neuron-thalamus that connect with cerebral cortex
found in spinothalamic and spinocerebellar tracts
Descending tract
motor tract in brainstem or brain that give directions
upper motor neuron which is in brain or brainstem
lower motor neuron which is the neuron synapses with the muscle
found in corticospinal tract and vestibulospinal tract
Normal cell processes
Process of movement
cerebellum enables smooth coordinated movements
collects motor information about what should be happening
basal nuclei help regulate muscle movement
basal nuclei prevent unwanted movements
Spinal cord
white matter funiculi
precentral gyrus is contraction of the body's skeletal muscles ; contains motor map
sulci
gyri
post central gyrus
precentral gyrus
ascending tract
descending tract
cerebellum
basal nuclei
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
frontal lobe