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Male with face and arm spasm (Background (Chain of events (Dendrites get…
Male with face and arm spasm
Background
Systems involved
Nervous system
Muscular system
Epidermis system
Skeletal system
Circulatory system
Clostridium tetani
Produce two toxins
Tetanolysin
Causes local tissue destruction
Tetanospasmin
Causes clinical tetanus
Toxin binds to the presynaptic membrane of the NMJ
Blocks Acetylcholine from exoctytosis
Prevents Ca dependent release of glycine
Exocytosis
AP arrives at axon terminal
Voltage gated Ca channels open
Ca enters axon terminal moving down electrochemical gradient
Ca causes ACh to be released
ACh diffuses across synaptic cleft binding to ACh receptors
Chain of events
Dendrites get stimulated to produce a graded potential
Spacial summation occurs to reach threshold
To reach Threshold dendrites must increases 15 to 20 mV in Positive direction
Change in charge occurs at axon hillock
Cumulative change Opens first Voltage gated ion channel protein
Na ions enter axon changing local potential to +30 mV
Rapid increases in charge is called depolarization phase of AP
Change in charge allows AP to move down axon from one node of ranvier to next
Resulting increases in charge also opens other slow acting voltage gated ion channel proteins
These channels allow K ions to exit neuron
Na and K ions cancel each other out repolarizing axon
Repolarization phase of an action potential
K ions keeping leaving causing charge in neuron to be more negative
Hyperpolarization of AP
Next Na k pump pushes Na and K ions back into neuron restoring resting potential
When action potential reaches end of axon voltage gated channels open on axon terminal
Ca ions entering Synaptic bulb trigger exocytosis of ACh
Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine
Contractions
Twitch
Isolated contraction
Single AP produces a single contraction in muscle fibers of motor unit
Summation
Muscle fiber that's been stimulated is stimulated again making twitch stronger
Has relaxation phases
Tetany
High stimulus frequency causes relaxation phase to dissapear
Contractions become more continuous
Sketchy tattoo parlor
Dirty needle
Ink may not be good
Soil
Tetanus
Complications
Involuntary tightening of vocal cords
Reason why he can't speak
Can break bones
Pulmonary embolism
Blockage of main artery of the lungs
Or one of its branches by blood clot
Aspiration pneumonia
Lung infection, develops by breathing in foreign material
Tendon rupture
Death
Autonomic dysfunction
Inability of muscles of respiration to relax
Asphyxia
Takes 5 to 10 days