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CNSLF Med - RA (i) (Signs (may have signs of extra-articular…
CNSLF Med - RA (i)
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Symptoms
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prolonged stiffness (>30 mins) in morning + after sitting, gradually improves through day with use (unlike OP where the pain increases with use)
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systemic symptoms: myalgia, fatigue, low grade fever, weight loss, difficulty sleeping
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Intro
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significant cause of disability, mortality, high socioeconomic burden
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Pathology
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pannus (abnormal layer of fibrovasc or granulation tissue) formation later, not always
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TNF-alpha elaborated by monocytes/macrophages (both synovial intimal macrophages + recruited monocyte/macrophages) + lymphocytes
effects of TNA-alpha incl induction of additional CKs (e.g. IL1), antacids (e.g. PGE2), metalloproteinases + adhesion molecules via stim of synvvial mesenchymal cells (synovial fibroblasts, osteoclasts + chrondrocytes) + synovial epithelial cells
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Risk factors
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genetics
heritability = approx 60%, indicating genetic factors are linked to large proportion of the risk for disease
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environment
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gene-environment interaction, causing increased susceptibility up to 20-40 fold
the most likely mechanism for the environmental component is repeated activation of innate immunity by factors such as smoking
poor dental hygiene, low economic status, air pollution may also be other contributing factors