Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
52 year-old lady has been diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis…
52 year-old lady has been diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
upstream causes
direct
ALS kills motor neurons
motor neurons in your brain that control voluntary movements are also destroyed
(large cells of the spinal cord that send nerve fibers out to control the muscles)
indirect
risk factors
smoking
sex
before the age of 65, slightly more men than women develop ALS
environmental exposure
age
common age is 40's to mid 60's
military service
traumatic injuries, viral infections and intense exertion
hereditary
5-10% inherit ALS from family
downstream effects
speaking problems
may have to use other form of communication (sign-language, use of technology)
speech-generating devices (SGDs)
medication is also a form of treatment
Riluzole (Rilutek)
Edaravone (Radicava)
eating problems
feeding tubes
breathing problems
might need a device to help you breathe at night
have a tracheostomy
dementia
Background Information
neurons and neuron structures
motor
interneurons
sensory
spinal cord
long and thin tubules that are made of nervous tissue
it encloses the central canal of the spinal cord which contains cerebrospinal fluid
extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region
Cerebrum
large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, basal ganglia and olfactory bulb
upmost region of the central nervous system
movement
basal nuclei
cerebellum
precentral gyrus
neurons found in ascending tracts
sensory
2nd order
3rd order
1st order
neurons found in descending tracts
motor
upper motor neurons
lower motor neurons
dorsal root ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons
axons of the neurons travel into the spinal cord from the dorsal root
the gray matter in the center of the cord contains interneurons and cell bodies of motor neurons, axons and dendrites
2nd
found in the posterior gray horns
fibers form in the ascending tracts
they carry impulses to different areas of the brain including the thalamus
3rd
live in the subcortical areas and they carry impulses to the cerebral cortex of the brain
1st
receive sensory information from the receptors and send them to sensory neurons in the posterior gray horns of the spinal cord
cell bodies of these neurons are found within the posterior nerve root ganglion
upper motor
cerebellum and cerebrum
brain and brainstem to the ventral horn of the spinal cord
lower motor
from the ventral horn of the spinal cord to the conus medullaris
carry motor information in nerves from the upper motor neurons
the descending tracts transmit this information to lower motor neurons, allowing them to reach muscles
directs the conscious/ motor functions of the body
damage to motor areas can cause certain types of neuron diseases
functions come from the primary motor cortex and frontal lobe
located at the base of the brain
composed of four clusters of neurons/ nerve cells
responsible for body movement and coordination
receives information from the sensory systems, spinal cord and regulates movement
the cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, and speech
this results in smooth, balanced muscle activity
located of primary motor cortex
responsible for controlling voluntary motor movement