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APPLICATION OF DIODE (SWITCH (Reversed Biased diode (:star: The diode…

- - - - Negative half wave
      - Positive half wave
      - The effect of the barrier potential
        on the half-wave
        rectified output voltage
        Vp(out) = Vp(in) - 0.7 (voltage barrier)
      - Average and RMS value
        Vrms = Vmax/π (Vrms = 0.318v)
        Vave = Vp/√2
    - - Center-tapped full-wave
        rectifier with a
        transformer
        Vout = Vp(pri) - 0.7
      - Full-wave Rectifier - operation a)Ideal Diod (Vp(out) = Vp(sec)) b)Practical (Vp(out) = Vp(sec) - 1.4v)
      - A center-tapped full-wave rectifier
        
        During positive half cycle
        
        During negative half cycle
      - Vave = 2Vp/π
        
        Vrms = Vp/√2
- - - - :star: zener diode is like normal diod, the exception
        being is that it placed in the circuit in reverse
        bias and operate in reverse breakdown
        :star: Its forward characteristic are just normal diode
    - - :star: Regulation with varying input voltage
      - :star: Regulation with varying load
- - - - NEGATIVE CLAMPER - consists of a diode, a resistor and a capacitor and that shifts the output signal to the negative portion of the input signal
      - POSITIVE CLAMPER - consists of a diode, a resistor and a capacitor and that shifts the output signal to the positive portion of the input signal.
    - - Positive biased clamper
      - Negative biased clamper
- - - - VOLTAGE QUADRUPLER :STAR: For second -ve half cycle, D2 and D4 will conduct, leading to C3 harging C4 to the same peak value 2Vm. Thus the voltage across C2 and C4 is 4Vm.
      - VOLTAGE TRIPLER
        :star: First +ve cycle, D1 conducts and charging C1 to Vm.
        :star: First -ve cycle, D2 conducts and charging C2 to 2Vm.
        :star: Second +ve half cycle D3 and D1 coducts and charging C1 and voltage across C2 charges C3 to the same value 2Vm.
        Thus the voltage across C1 and C3 is 3Vm.
      - VOLTAGE DOUBLER - An electronic circuit which charges capacitors from the input voltage and switches these charges
        
        Half wave voltage doubler :star: For the +ve half cycle, D1 conduct and D2 switch off. Capacitor C1 charged to Vm ( Vout = Vm ) :star: For the -ve half cycle, D2 conduct and D1 switch off. Capacitor C1 charged to 2Vm ( Vout = 2Vm )
        
        Full wave voltage doubler
        :star: For +ve half cycle, D1 conduct and charging C1 to peak voltage Vm
        :star: For -ve half cycle, D2 conduct and charging C2 to Vm. Since both capacitor C1 and C2 are in series, the output voltage is approximately to 2Vm
- - - - Positive
      - Negative
    - - Positive
      - Negative
    - - Parallel
        
        Positive
        
        Series
      - Positive and Negative biased clipper
      - series (clipping diode change the effective forward biased of diode)