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Female with muscle weakness and confirmed ALS diagnosis (Central Nervous…
Female with muscle weakness and confirmed ALS diagnosis
Central Nervous System
Brain
Cerebrum
left hemisphere
right hemisphere
Precentral gyrus
motor homonculus
The central sulcus
Post central gyrus
Sensory homonculus
Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
temporal lobe
Cerebellum
Spinal Cord
meninges
Archanoid mater
Dura mater
Pia mater
white matter finiculi
Dorsal root ganglion
Dorsal root
dorsal grey horn
lateral grey horn
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Internueron
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Sensory neurons
bipolar
central canal
Grey matter
cell bodies
myelinated axons
Ascending tracts
1st order neuron
2nd order neuron
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sensory neuron that has receptors
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Spinothalmic Tract
location spinal cord and thalamus
take sensory info from body to brain
spinocerebellar tract
location spinal cord and cerebellum
descending tracts
motor tracts
upper motor tract
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lower motor tract
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take motor info from brain to body
skeletal muscles respond
Cortisospinal tract
location in cerebral cortex
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Vestibulospinal tract
indirect
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protects the CNS
Cervicle enlargement
lumbar enlargements
conus medularis
cauda equina
filum terminale
special nerves
Nerve Plexuses
cervicle plexus
brachail plexus
lumbar plexus
sacral plexus
Transmission of nerve impulses and Spinal reflexes
Medulla Oblangata
regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing
controls respiration and circulation
controls most functions of the body and mind
Cerebrum
four regions called lobes that control senses, thoughts, and movements
frontal lobe
primary cortex
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
visual processing area of the brain
Precentral gyrus
controls the voluntary movements of skeletal muscles; cell bodies
motor homonculus
represents a map of brain areas dedicated to motor processing for different anatomical divisions of the body
Basal nuclei
interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem
control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion
GABA has an inhibitory effect on motor function
Peripheral nervous system
connect the CNS to the limbs and organs
cerebellum
responsible for a number of functions including motor skills such as balance, coordination, and posture
Familial (Genetic) ALS
Age over 40
Gulf war veteran
Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis
neurological disease
Motor neurons
extend from brain to spinal cord
descending tracts
upper motor neurons
lower motor neuron
these neurons degenerate
unable to send message to muscles
leads to muscle atrophy
Central nervous system
Brain
Spinal Cord
motor neurons
die
Cognitive and behavioral changes
Slurred Speech
Speech therapy
adaptive techniques
voice banking devices
Musculoskeletal system
provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body
Musculoskeletal system
fasciculations
muscle cramps
spasticity
muscle weakness
Atrophy
Upper and lower limbs
rotator cuff
cervix
mastication
Occupational therapy
Physical therapy
low impact aerobic exercises
assited daily living
Respiratory System
diaphragm
dyspnea
respiratory failure
death
Trachea
respiratory therapy
mechanical ventilation
tracheostomy
Digestive system
esophagus
dysphagia
Nutritional support
feeding tube