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Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality (What is Identity, and…
Identity: Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Sexuality
Field Note
Boys and women making bricks in Indonesia for long hours
Used to do this in the U.S. but haven't since advances in technology
In the U.S. men would do this job not as much the women and boys
Gender: a cultures assumptions about differences between men and women
In poorer countries women do the labor jobs more than men women are also considered the financial supporters
The U.S. and society have different boundaries for different genders, races, etc.
What is Identity, and how are Identities Constructed
Identities are marked through cars, clothing, jewelry etc.
Identity: how we make sense of ourselves
Identities are constantly changing, shirting, and becoming
Identifying against:constructing and identity by first defining the "other" then defining ourselves as "not the other"
Race
Race: a characterization of someone based on their skin color and other physical features
Physical attributes that are seen as significant have changed across time and space
modern ways of dividing races has become so pervasive that people continually have to fill out things like consensus forms
Racism: superiority attached to race
Racism established by labels and single stories
Races vary because of adaptation to different environments
Race and Ethnicity In the United States
Race is assigned where as culture is more of a choice
racial categories are reinforced through residential segregation, racialized divisions of labor, and categorizes recorded by census
Hispanic/Latino is listed as a ethnicity not a race
Residential Segregation
Racism affects distribution of African Americans and Indian Americans especially at a neighborhood scale
At first their were laws put in place encouraging segregation later disabled after civil rights movement yet many borders still stand
residential segregation: the degree to which two or more groups live separately in different parts of urban environment
Five measurements of segregation: evenness, exposure, concentrated, centralized, clustered
in 2002 showed residential segregation decline
American Indians and Alaska Natives- Phoenix-Mesa Arizona-Oklahoma
African Americans-Milwaukee
Asians, Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders-San Francisco(Buffalo/Niagara Falls for Asians alone
Hispanics-most-New York-least-Baltimore
In some neighborhoods race can be connected to class, culture,etc.
Identities Across Scales
we have different scales, individual(golfer, sister,painter,etc),local(residents of a neighborhood, camp leaderetc),regional(southerners, Georgians, etc.) national(Americans, republicans, college students etc.), global(western, educated, free, etc.)
identities affect each other in and across scales
The scale of New York City
has the greatest diversity of immigrants than any other U.S. city
identities go more in depth then say just Hispanic-Mexican, Dominican, etc.
Succession: when immigrants move to and dominate areas occupied by older immigrant groups
Community focuses on business to reflect their culture
Caribbean culture very prominent
How do Places Affect Identity, and How Can We See Identities in Places?
the processes of constructing identities varies from place to place
sense of place: state of mind derived through the infusion of a place with meaning and emotion
Ethnicity and Place
ethnicity: affiliation or identity within a group of people bound by common ancestry and culture
ethnicity is very complex
ethnic identity is greatly affected by scale
a conflict is often called ethnic when a racial distinction cannot easily be made
Mexicali is a community combined of many ethnicity's along the borders of California and Mexico
Chinatown very close to Mexicali
the uniqueness of a place can become a part of who your are
Identity and Space
space: social relations stretched ou
place: particular articulations of those social relations as they have come together, over time, in that particular location
gendered: places seen as appropriate for women or men
Sexuality and Space
Sexuality is culturally constructed
studies examine things like gay neighborhoods and pride parades to better understand this concept
queer theory: theory that highlights the contextual nature of opposition to the heteronormative and focuses on the political engagement of "queers" with heteronormative
How Does Geography Reflect and Shape Power Relationships Among Groups of People?
power relationships are assumptions and structures about who is in control and who has power over others
power relationships determine almost everything
Just Who Counts?
statistics governments collect reflects power relationships
throughout the world the work of women is often undervalued and uncounted
most commonly used statistic on productivity is gross national income(GNI) doesn't include the unpaid labor of a women
amount of women in the paid labor force is rising but they are still paid less and home to do domestic labor on top of it all
Vulnerable Populations
power relations can determine vulnerability to things like disease, death, injury and famine
field work helps geographers apply vulnerability theory
Women in Subsaharan Africa
Subsaharan Africa is dominated numerically by women especially in rural areas
the women have many responsibilities with very little rights they
produce 70% of the regions food and are considered the head of the household but can't take out a loan
young girls become trapped in the cycle of female poverty and overwork boys are sent to school girls are sent to work
some laws have been put in place that increase women's rights
more than half of Rwanda legislative seats are women
Dowry Deaths in India
Women still being married of and are burned beaten or even killed if their father does not pay the dowry
dowry deaths: deaths due to the father of the bride not paying the dowry
although lows put in place to protect families and brides judges are still unfair and tend to operate around Hindu principles
global change can help make local change possible
some families find out the gender and if its a girl may decides to terminate
Shifting Power Relations Among ethnic Groups
Areas w/ multiple ethnicity's often experience an ebb and flow of acceptance over time
when economy is booming residents tend to be more accepting of each other and vice versa Exmp: Chinese immigrants
Power Relations in Los Angeles
migration flow in to Los Angeles has come from Latin America and the Caribbean
barrioization: the dramatic increase in Hispanic pop. in a certain neighborhood
the change in ethnic groups in an area affects cultural landscape