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Atmosphere and gases exposition (Stratosphere (extends about 10 to 17 km…
Atmosphere and gases exposition
Troposphere
from 7 to 20km above sea level
Composed of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, water vapor, and Carbon Dioxide
temperature from 15° to -57°
pressure: from 1000 millibars to 200 millibars
lowest and thinnest layer of the atmosphere
regulator of temperature on Earth
airplanes and helicopters can fly here
Stratosphere
extends about 10 to 17 km altitude and its upper boundary to 50 km
contains the ozone layer
31 miles above the ground
from about -51 degrees celsius and -15
pressure is 1/1000 the pressure at sea level
mantains a constant temperature
prevents radiation from reaching the surface
main gases: Atomic Oxygen, Molecular oxygen, Atomic Nitrogen, Helium, Hydrogen
Mesosphere
from the stratopause, about 50 km, to the mesopause at 80–85 km above sea level
main gases are oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide
top of the mesosphere is the coldest part of the atmosphere. It can reach -90° C
pressure level is 0.005 mb
protects us from solar radiations
burns up most meteors and asteroids before they are able to reach the Earth's surface
Thermosphere
mainly composed of atomic oxygen (O), atomic nitrogen (N), and helium (He), and atomic oxygen (O)
about 90 km to between 500 and 1,000 km above sea level
temperature can reach up to 4,500 degrees Fahrenheit
temperatures in the upper thermosphere can range from about 500° C
main functions include recycling water, absorbing sun energy and regulating temperature
Exosphere
extension of 190,00 km
distance from the Earth is of approximately 10,000 km
composed of hydrogen, helium and other heavy molecules including nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide
range from 0 to over 1700 degrees Celsius
atmospheric pressure is very low
transition zone between the earth's atmosphere and outer space
top of the exosphere marks the line between the Earth’s atmosphere and interplanetary space
comes into contact with solar storms
Atmospheric pollution
release of harmful chemicals into the air
the Air Quality Indo tells you how polluted the air is
Particulate matter (PM)
motor vehicles
Reduced lung function
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
aerosol sprays
Eye, nose and throat irritation
Ozone (O3)
found in the upper atmosphere and at ground level
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
gas stove top
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Industry
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
fossil fuel combustion
Cycles of gases: N2 and SO2
SO2 is released to the air from volcanic eruptions.
N2 can be found in some minerals such as saltpeter, it is also found in all living organisms on Earth
Nitrogen cycle
nitrogen gas is converted into inorganic nitrogen
compounds
main natural processes or human activities through which the element is transformed
sulfur dioxide cycle
main natural processes or human activities through which the element is transformed
Cycle of oxygen O2 and cycle of carbon dioxide CO2
Oxygen makes 20.948% of the atmosphere
humans mostly consume oxygen this element by breathing
CO2 is found mainly in air
humans mostly produce CO2 by combustion of materials and exhalation
Oxygen cycle
photosynthesis, breathe, repeat
Cycle of carbon dioxide CO2
enters atmosphere, gets absorbed, is exhaled, returned to the atmosphere